DASP trace: color send/receive, decode header fields, hex+ASCII dump

Sent lines are yellow and received lines green when stdout is a console;
pipes and files stay plain. Each message lists the header fields it
carries by name and dumps header and payload separately, 16 bytes a row.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

app_backup.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-"""App > Get with File: a full backup of the connected device's app as one zip.
+"""App > Get with Files / Put with Files: a full backup of the device's app as one
+zip, and putting such a zip back onto a device.
 
 The zip follows the layout Ontrol's tools read back on a restore:
 
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ The zip follows the layout Ontrol's tools read back on a restore:
     device/kits.scode
     device/images/<name>.bin
     device/fonts/<font file>
-    device/system/logo.bin
+    device/system/logo.jpg    Orion's boot logo; Rion's is system/logo.bin
     app.sax                   app.sab decoded, as sedonac would write it
     imageBank[XL]/<name>.png  the sources of the device's images and fonts, taken from
     fontBank[XL]/<font file>  Sedona home's banks (XL for Orion's 800x480 screen)
@@ -14,6 +15,9 @@ The zip follows the layout Ontrol's tools read back on a restore:
 
 The device cannot list its files, so which images and fonts to fetch is read from the
 app itself: every image name and font its Ox widgets and pages name.
+
+A put stages app.sab and kits.scode for the VM to take up on its next start; see
+put_with_files for the order it goes in.
 """
 
 import datetime
@@ -22,12 +26,15 @@ import re
 import zipfile
 
 import app_state
+import kit_build
+import palette
 import sab_app
-from ox_widget_properties import IMAGE_EXTENSIONS, ORION_KIT, RION_KIT
+import schema
+import sox
+from ox_widget_properties import IMAGE_EXTENSIONS, ORION_KIT, ORION_PLATFORM_TYPE, RION_KIT
 
 APP_SAB = "app.sab"
 KITS_SCODE = "kits.scode"
-LOGO_URI = "system/logo.bin"
 
 _IMAGE_SLOTS = ("imageFileName", "trueImageFileName", "falseImageFileName")
 _SOURCE_IMAGE_EXTENSIONS = tuple(e for e in IMAGE_EXTENSIONS if e != ".bin")
@@ -35,25 +42,41 @@ _UNSAFE_FILE_CHARS = re.compile(r'[<>:"/\\|?*\x00-\x1f]')
 
 
 class _Platform:
-    def __init__(self, name, image_bank, font_bank, font_extensions):
+    def __init__(self, name, kit, service_type, image_bank=None, font_bank=None,
+                 font_extensions=(), logo_uri=None, screen=None):
         self.name = name
+        self.kit = kit                      # the kit only this platform's apps hold
+        self.service_type = service_type    # its platform service
+        self.platform_id = "ontrol-" + name.lower()     # the device's id starts so
         self.image_bank = image_bank
         self.font_bank = font_bank
         self.font_extensions = font_extensions
+        self.logo_uri = logo_uri
+        self.screen = screen                # (width, height) in landscape; None: none
 
 
-# Orion keeps a landscape (.oxfl) and a portrait (.oxfp) cut of each font.
-_ORION = _Platform("ORION", "imageBankXL", "fontBankXL", (".oxfl", ".oxfp"))
-_RION = _Platform("RION", "imageBank", "fontBank", (".bin",))
+# Orion keeps a landscape (.oxfl) and a portrait (.oxfp) cut of each font, and its boot
+# logo as a jpg; Rion's is a native image (Ontrol's BGetWithFilesTool). A P-ION has no
+# screen: nothing but the app goes to it.
+_ORION = _Platform("ORION", ORION_KIT, ORION_PLATFORM_TYPE, "imageBankXL", "fontBankXL",
+                   (".oxfl", ".oxfp"), "system/logo.jpg", (800, 480))
+_RION = _Platform("RION", RION_KIT, "ontrolRion::RionPlatformService", "imageBank",
+                  "fontBank", (".bin",), "system/logo.bin", (320, 240))
+_PION = _Platform("PION", "ontrolPion", "ontrolPion::PionPlatformService")
+_PLATFORMS = (_ORION, _RION, _PION)
 
 
 def platform_of(app):
-    kits = app.kit_names()
-    if ORION_KIT in kits:
-        return _ORION
-    if RION_KIT in kits:
-        return _RION
-    return None
+    return platform_of_kits(app.kit_names())
+
+
+def platform_of_kits(kit_names):
+    kit_names = set(kit_names)
+    return next((p for p in _PLATFORMS if p.kit in kit_names), None)
+
+
+def platform_label(platform):
+    return platform.name if platform else "no platform this editor knows"
 
 
 def backup_folder():
@@ -98,6 +121,8 @@ def _font_stem(app, comp):
 def media_files(app, platform):
     """The images and fonts the app names, each with its device path and bank source."""
     files, seen = [], set()
+    if platform.screen is None:
+        return files
 
     def add(uri, bank_folder, bank_name, group, required=True):
         if uri not in seen:
@@ -134,7 +159,7 @@ def media_files(app, platform):
                 add_font(f"bold {stem}", group, True)
             add_font(stem, group, not bold)
 
-    add(LOGO_URI, platform.image_bank, "logo", "logo", required=False)
+    add(platform.logo_uri, platform.image_bank, "logo", "logo", required=False)
     return files
 
 
@@ -154,7 +179,7 @@ def _bank_source(bank_folder, bank_name, is_image):
 def _source_entry(media, source_path):
     """Where the bank file goes in the zip: next to its bank's name, the logo in system/."""
     file_name = os.path.basename(source_path)
-    if media.device_uri == LOGO_URI:
+    if media.device_uri.startswith("system/"):
         return "system/logo" + os.path.splitext(file_name)[1]
     return f"{media.bank_folder}/{file_name}"
 
@@ -259,3 +284,625 @@ def get_with_file(client, path, status=None):
     result.entries = [name for name, _ in entries]
     report("Done", 1.0)
     return result
+
+
+# --- Put with Files ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Follows Ontrol's Workbench tool (ontrolSedonaOx BPutWithFilesTool, ontrolSedonanet
+# PutApp): the backup's app.sax is encoded for the chosen kit builds, kits.scode built
+# for them with sedonac when they are not the device's (kit_build); both go as
+# '.writing' renamed to '.stage'; the platform service's deleteFile clears fonts/* and
+# images/*; then the images, the fonts and the boot logo go. Fonts come from Sedona
+# home's bank in the cut the device draws with, images in the form its screen takes.
+
+_FONT_FOLDERS = ("device/fonts/", "fonts/", "fontBank/", "fontBankXL/")
+_JPG = (".jpg", ".jpeg")
+
+
+def _checksum(value):
+    """A kit checksum as an unsigned int, from a signed Sox int or a .sab hex string."""
+    return int(value, 16) if isinstance(value, str) else value & 0xFFFFFFFF
+
+
+def kits_fit(app_kits, device_kits):
+    """Whether the device's kits.scode can load an app.sab of `app_kits`.
+
+    App.loadSchema's rule: the app's kits must appear among the device's, in the same
+    order, each with the same checksum; the device may hold more.
+    """
+    device = iter((n, _checksum(c)) for n, c in device_kits)
+    return all(any(d == (n, _checksum(c)) for d in device) for n, c in app_kits)
+
+
+class DeviceTarget:
+    """What a put needs to know of the connected device."""
+
+    def __init__(self, platform, kits, name=None, portrait=False,
+                 platform_comp_id=None, delete_slot_id=None, platform_id=""):
+        self.platform = platform            # one of _PLATFORMS, or None
+        self.platform_id = platform_id      # e.g. "ontrol-pion-b427a5b9"
+        self.kits = kits                    # [(name, checksum)] in kit-id order
+        self.name = name                    # the app's deviceName
+        self.portrait = portrait            # Orion's screenOrientation
+        self.platform_comp_id = platform_comp_id
+        self.delete_slot_id = delete_slot_id
+
+    @property
+    def font_extension(self):
+        if self.platform is _ORION:
+            return ".oxfp" if self.portrait else ".oxfl"
+        return ".bin"
+
+    @property
+    def screen(self):
+        """(width, height) as the device is set up, as Ontrol's ScreenInfo has it."""
+        w, h = self.platform.screen
+        return (h, w) if self.portrait else (w, h)
+
+
+def device_target(ds):
+    """Reads the platform, kits, deviceName and platform service off the device.
+
+    The platform comes from the platform id, as Ontrol's tools read it, the kits
+    standing in for a device that does not give one.
+    """
+    client = ds.sox_client
+    kits = [(p.name, p.checksum) for p in client.read_schema()]
+    kit_names = {n for n, _ in kits}
+    platform_id = (client.read_version().platform_id or "").lower()
+    platform = (next((p for p in _PLATFORMS if platform_id.startswith(p.platform_id)), None)
+                or next((p for p in _PLATFORMS if p.kit in kit_names), None))
+
+    target = DeviceTarget(platform, kits, platform_id=client.read_version().platform_id)
+    comp = client.cache_get(0)
+    if comp is not None:
+        client.update([comp], sox.CONFIG)
+        target.name = comp.values.get("deviceName") or None
+    if platform is not None and platform.screen is not None:
+        plat = ds.find_component_of_type(platform.service_type, "screenOrientation")
+        if plat is not None:
+            target.platform_comp_id = plat.id
+            target.portrait = (platform is _ORION and
+                               str(plat.values.get("screenOrientation")).lower() == "true")
+            slots = client.slot_registry.get((plat.kit_id, plat.type_id)) or []
+            target.delete_slot_id = next((s["id"] for s in slots if s["name"] == "deleteFile"
+                                          and s.get("is_action")), None)
+    return target
+
+
+# --- images in the device's form --------------------------------------------------------
+
+def native_image(data, name, target):
+    """A png (or any image PIL reads) as the device's native .bin.
+
+    Ported from OntOxImageUtil.convertImageToNativeFormat: a 32-byte name, a 32-byte
+    header (flags, width, height), then the pixels. Orion draws BGR(A), turned for a
+    portrait screen, with alpha unless the image fills the screen; Rion RGB565, with
+    alpha only for a translucent image smaller than the screen.
+    """
+    import io
+    from PIL import Image
+
+    img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(data))
+    img.load()
+    width, height = img.size
+    translucent = img.mode in ("RGBA", "LA", "PA") or (
+        img.mode == "P" and "transparency" in img.info and
+        any(0 < a < 255 for a in img.convert("RGBA").getchannel("A").getdata()))
+    background = (width, height) == target.screen
+    orion = target.platform is _ORION
+    rgb_mode = use_alpha = orion and not background
+    if not orion:
+        use_alpha = translucent and not background
+    rotate = orion and target.portrait
+
+    rgba = img.convert("RGBA")
+    if rotate:      # the Java walks columns right to left: a quarter turn anticlockwise
+        rgba = rgba.transpose(Image.Transpose.ROTATE_90)
+    w, h = rgba.size
+
+    out = bytearray(name.encode("ascii", errors="replace"))
+    out += bytes(max(0, 32 - len(out)))
+    out += bytes([(4 if rotate else 0) + (2 if rgb_mode else 0) + (1 if use_alpha else 0),
+                  w & 0xFF, w >> 8, h & 0xFF, h >> 8]) + bytes(27)
+    pixels = rgba.tobytes()
+    if rgb_mode:
+        for i in range(0, len(pixels), 4):
+            r, g, b, a = pixels[i:i + 4]
+            out += bytes((b, g, r, a)) if use_alpha else bytes((b, g, r))
+    else:
+        for i in range(0, len(pixels), 4):
+            r, g, b, a = pixels[i:i + 4]
+            rgb565 = (r >> 3) << 11 | (g >> 2) << 5 | (b >> 3)
+            if use_alpha:
+                out.append(a)
+            out += bytes((rgb565 & 0xFF, rgb565 >> 8))
+    return bytes(out)
+
+
+def device_jpg(data, target):
+    """A jpg as the device takes it: turned a quarter anticlockwise for a portrait Orion
+    (OntOxImageUtil.rotateJpg), otherwise as it is."""
+    if not (target.platform is _ORION and target.portrait):
+        return data
+    import io
+    from PIL import Image
+    img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(data))
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    img.transpose(Image.Transpose.ROTATE_90).save(buf, "JPEG", quality=75)
+    return buf.getvalue()
+
+
+# --- the plan ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PutFile:
+    def __init__(self, device_uri, data, source):
+        self.device_uri = device_uri
+        self.data = data
+        self.source = source            # where the bytes come from, for the summary
+
+
+class PutPlan:
+    """What a put of the zip would do, and whether the zip fits the device."""
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = path
+        self.problems = []              # any of these stops the put
+        self.warnings = []              # worth confirming, but the put can go on
+        self.app_source = ""            # how app.sab was come by, for the summary
+        self.kit_changes = []           # each chosen kit build that is not the device's
+        self.scode_source = ""          # where kits.scode comes from, when it goes
+        self.app_files = []             # PutFile to '<name>.writing', renamed to '.stage'
+        self.media = []                 # PutFile: images, fonts, logo
+        self.converted = 0              # images made from the backup's image bank
+        self.images_missing = []        # images neither in device form nor as a source
+        self.fonts_from_zip = []        # fonts the bank lacks; the backup's copy goes
+        self.fonts_missing = []         # fonts the app names that neither has
+        self.staged = False             # set once the device holds app.sab.stage
+        self.has_screen = True          # False for a P-ION: the app is all that goes
+
+    @property
+    def ok(self):
+        return not self.problems
+
+
+def _app_portrait(app):
+    comp = next((c for c in app.comps.values() if c["type"] == ORION_PLATFORM_TYPE), None)
+    return bool(comp and app.prop(comp, "screenOrientation", False))
+
+
+class KitRow:
+    """One kit in the kits step of a put: the device's build, the backup's, and what to put.
+
+    `included` rows are what goes: into app.sab's schema and, when it is rebuilt, into
+    kits.scode. A `required` row -- a kit the app's components name, or one an included
+    kit depends on -- is always included.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name, device, backup, builds, used=False, locked=False,
+                 unsupported=False):
+        self.name = name
+        self.device = device            # checksum hex the device runs, or None
+        self.backup = backup            # checksum hex the backup's schema names, or None
+        self.builds = builds            # [(version, checksum hex)] Sedona home has, newest first
+        self.used = used                # the app's components name a type of it
+        self.locked = locked            # the backup holds only app.sab: nothing can change
+        self.unsupported = unsupported  # cannot run on the device's platform
+        self.required = used
+        self.included = used or (device is not None and not unsupported) or \
+            (backup is not None and not unsupported)
+        self.use = self._default()      # the chosen checksum hex
+
+    def _default(self):
+        """The device's build, when Sedona home can describe it; then the backup's; then
+        the newest."""
+        known = {c for _, c in self.builds}
+        if self.locked:
+            return self.backup
+        for checksum in (self.device, self.backup):
+            if checksum in known:
+                return checksum
+        return self.builds[0][1] if self.builds else self.device or self.backup
+
+    @property
+    def latest(self):
+        return self.builds[0][1] if self.builds else None
+
+
+def _hex(checksum):
+    return f"{_checksum(checksum):08x}"
+
+
+def _app_source(z, names):
+    """(sax entry or None, sab entry or None) of the backup's app."""
+    sax = "app.sax" if "app.sax" in names else next(
+        (n for n in sorted(names) if n.endswith(".sax") and "/" not in n), None)
+    sab = "device/" + APP_SAB
+    return sax, sab if sab in names else None
+
+
+def _backup_kits(path):
+    """([(kit, checksum or None)] the backup's schema names, {kits its components use},
+    whether it holds only app.sab). Raises ValueError when the zip holds no app."""
+    import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+    with zipfile.ZipFile(path) as z:
+        names = {n for n in z.namelist() if not n.endswith("/")}
+        sax_name, sab_name = _app_source(z, names)
+        if sax_name:
+            root = ET.fromstring(z.read(sax_name))
+            schema_elem = root.find("schema")
+            kits = [(k.get("name"), k.get("checksum"))
+                    for k in (schema_elem.findall("kit") if schema_elem is not None else ())]
+            used = {c.get("type", "").split("::")[0] for c in root.iter("comp")}
+            return kits, used | {"sys"}, False
+        if sab_name:
+            app = sab_app.SabApp(z.read(sab_name))
+            used = {c["type"].split("::")[0] for c in app.comps.values()}
+            return app.kit_parts, used, True
+    raise ValueError("The zip holds no app: neither app.sax nor device/app.sab.")
+
+
+def kit_rows(path, target):
+    """Every kit the kits step lists, in Manage Kits' groups (see KitRow.group).
+
+    The kits the backup's app needs, those its schema or the device holds without the
+    app needing them, and every other kit Sedona home has. Each defaults to the device's
+    build. Raises ValueError when the zip holds no readable app.
+    """
+    kits, used, locked = _backup_kits(path)
+    device = {n: _hex(c) for n, c in target.kits}
+    backup = {n: _hex(c) if c else None for n, c in kits}
+    names = list(dict.fromkeys([n for n, _ in kits] + list(device) + palette.list_kits()))
+    unsupported = palette.unsupported_kits(set(backup) | set(device))
+    rows = []
+    for name in names:
+        builds = [(v, _hex(c)) for v, c in palette.kit_builds(name)]
+        if locked and name not in backup:
+            continue                        # nothing can be added to a bare app.sab
+        rows.append(KitRow(name, device.get(name), backup.get(name), builds,
+                           used=name in used, locked=locked,
+                           unsupported=name in unsupported and name not in used))
+    settle_required(rows)
+    return rows
+
+
+def settle_required(rows):
+    """Marks every kit an included kit depends on as required -- and so included, at its
+    default build -- all the way down, as Manage Kits counts dependencies."""
+    by_name = {r.name: r for r in rows}
+    for row in rows:
+        row.required = row.used
+    pending = [r for r in rows if r.included or r.used]
+    while pending:
+        row = pending.pop()
+        for dep in schema.read_kit_dependencies(row.name, row.use):
+            dep_row = by_name.get(dep)
+            if dep_row is not None and not dep_row.required:
+                dep_row.required = dep_row.included = True
+                pending.append(dep_row)
+    for row in rows:
+        if row.used:
+            row.included = True
+
+
+KIT_GROUPS = ("Installed kits", "Installed but not used kits",
+              "Kits available on the computer", "Not supported")
+
+
+def group(row):
+    """The Manage Kits section a row is listed under: the app needs it; the device or
+    the backup holds it without the app needing it; Sedona home has it; or it cannot run
+    on the device."""
+    if row.unsupported:
+        return KIT_GROUPS[3]
+    if row.required:
+        return KIT_GROUPS[0]
+    if row.device or row.backup:
+        return KIT_GROUPS[1]
+    return KIT_GROUPS[2]
+
+
+def chosen_kits(rows):
+    """[(name, checksum hex)] of the included rows."""
+    return [(r.name, r.use) for r in rows if r.included]
+
+
+def plan_put(path, target, rows=None, rebuild=False):
+    """Reads the zip at `path` and checks it against the device `target`.
+
+    rows are kit_rows() as the kits step left them; None takes the defaults. The
+    included kits make app.sab's schema; kits.scode is built for them when they are not
+    the device's kits, or when `rebuild` asks for it anyway.
+    """
+    plan = PutPlan(path)
+    try:
+        z = zipfile.ZipFile(path)
+    except (OSError, zipfile.BadZipFile) as e:
+        plan.problems.append(f"Not a readable zip: {e}")
+        return plan
+    if rows is None:
+        try:
+            rows = kit_rows(path, target)
+        except Exception as e:
+            plan.problems.append(str(e))
+            return plan
+    with z:
+        names = {n for n in z.namelist() if not n.endswith("/")}
+        app, backup_portrait = _plan_app(plan, z, names, target, rows, rebuild)
+        if app is None:
+            return plan
+
+        platform = platform_of(app)
+        if platform is None or platform is not target.platform:
+            plan.problems.append(f"The backup is from {platform_label(platform)}; the device "
+                                 f"is {platform_label(target.platform)}.")
+            return plan
+
+        zip_name = app.prop(app.app, "deviceName", "") or ""
+        if target.name and zip_name and zip_name != target.name:
+            plan.warnings.append(f"The backup was taken from '{zip_name}'; this device is "
+                                 f"'{target.name}'.")
+        if platform.screen is None:
+            plan.has_screen = False         # no images or fonts to put
+            return plan
+        if target.delete_slot_id is None:
+            plan.warnings.append("The device's platform service has no deleteFile action, "
+                                 "so its old fonts and images stay.")
+
+        same_screen = platform is _RION or backup_portrait == target.portrait
+        if not same_screen:
+            plan.warnings.append(
+                f"The backup is from a {'portrait' if backup_portrait else 'landscape'} "
+                f"Orion; this one is {'portrait' if target.portrait else 'landscape'}. Its "
+                "images are made again from the backup's image bank.")
+        _plan_images(plan, z, names, platform, target, same_screen)
+        _plan_fonts(plan, z, names, app, platform, target.font_extension)
+        _plan_logo(plan, z, names, platform, target, same_screen)
+    return plan
+
+
+def _plan_app(plan, z, names, target, rows, rebuild):
+    """Settles app.sab and kits.scode, as Ontrol's PutApp does.
+
+    The backup's app.sax is encoded for the chosen kit builds (a backup with only
+    device/app.sab goes as it is). When the device's kits.scode cannot load that app, or
+    a rebuild is asked for, kits.scode is built for the chosen builds with sedonac after
+    a check of their natives against the device's VM; without sedonac, the backup's own
+    kits.scode can stand in when the chosen builds are the backup's. Returns (decoded
+    app, whether the backup came from a portrait screen).
+    """
+    sax_name, sab_name = _app_source(z, names)
+    chosen = chosen_kits(rows)
+    original = None
+    if sab_name:
+        try:
+            original = sab_app.SabApp(z.read(sab_name))
+        except Exception as e:
+            if not sax_name:
+                plan.problems.append(f"{sab_name} cannot be read: {e}")
+                return None, False
+
+    if sax_name:
+        try:
+            sab = sab_app.encode_sax(z.read(sax_name), kits=chosen)
+        except Exception as e:
+            plan.problems.append(f"{sax_name} cannot be encoded for the chosen kits: {e}")
+            return None, False
+        plan.app_source = f"{sax_name}, encoded for the chosen kits"
+        source = sax_name
+    else:
+        sab = z.read(sab_name)
+        plan.app_source = sab_name
+        source = sab_name
+    app = sab_app.SabApp(sab)
+    app_kits = app.kit_parts
+
+    plan.kit_changes = [line for line in map(kit_change, rows) if line]
+    device_kits = {(n, _checksum(c)) for n, c in target.kits}
+    if sax_name:
+        same = {(n, _checksum(c)) for n, c in app_kits} == device_kits
+    else:
+        same = kits_fit(app_kits, target.kits)
+    if rebuild or not same:
+        scode = _plan_scode(plan, z, names, target, app_kits)
+        if scode is None:
+            return None, False
+        plan.app_files.append(scode)
+    plan.app_files.append(PutFile(APP_SAB, sab, source))
+    return app, _app_portrait(original or app)
+
+
+def kit_change(row):
+    """How a row changes the device's kits, or None."""
+    def label(checksum):
+        version = palette.version_for_checksum(row.name, checksum)
+        return f"{version} ({checksum})" if version else checksum
+    if row.device is None:
+        return f"{row.name}: added at {label(row.use)}" if row.included else None
+    if not row.included:
+        return f"{row.name}: removed"
+    if row.use != row.device:
+        return f"{row.name}: {label(row.device)} -> {label(row.use)}"
+    return None
+
+
+def _plan_scode(plan, z, names, target, app_kits):
+    """kits.scode for the app's kits: built by sedonac, or the backup's own."""
+    manifest = kit_build.platform_manifest(target.platform_id)
+    backup_scode = "device/" + KITS_SCODE
+    backup_kits = None
+    if "device/" + APP_SAB in names:
+        try:
+            backup_kits = sab_app.SabApp(z.read("device/" + APP_SAB)).kit_parts
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+    why = None
+    if manifest is None:
+        why = (f"Sedona home has no platform manifest for {target.platform_id or 'the device'}"
+               " (platforms/db), so kits.scode cannot be built or checked for it.")
+    else:
+        problems = kit_build.native_problems(app_kits, manifest)
+        if problems:
+            plan.problems.append("The chosen kits call native methods the device's VM "
+                                 "does not have:")
+            plan.problems += ["  " + p for p in problems]
+            return None
+        try:
+            data = kit_build.build_kits_scode(app_kits, manifest)
+        except kit_build.BuildError as e:
+            why = str(e)
+        else:
+            plan.scode_source = "built by sedonac for the chosen kits"
+            return PutFile(KITS_SCODE, data, "sedonac")
+
+    if backup_kits is not None and backup_scode in names and \
+            [(n, _checksum(c)) for n, c in backup_kits] == \
+            [(n, _checksum(c)) for n, c in app_kits]:
+        plan.warnings.append(why + " The backup's own kits.scode goes instead.")
+        plan.scode_source = "the backup's, unchecked against the device's VM"
+        return PutFile(KITS_SCODE, z.read(backup_scode), backup_scode)
+    plan.problems.append(why)
+    return None
+
+
+def _plan_images(plan, z, names, platform, target, same_screen):
+    """Every image the backup holds, in the form the device's screen takes.
+
+    The backup's device copy goes when it was taken off the same kind of screen;
+    otherwise the image bank's source is made over, as Ontrol's tool always does.
+    """
+    native, source = {}, {}
+    for name in names:
+        folder, _, file_name = name.rpartition("/")
+        stem, ext = os.path.splitext(file_name)
+        if folder == "device/images":
+            native[stem] = name
+        elif folder == platform.image_bank and ext.lower() in _SOURCE_IMAGE_EXTENSIONS:
+            source[stem] = name
+    for stem in sorted(set(native) | set(source), key=str.lower):
+        if same_screen and stem in native:
+            name = native[stem]
+            plan.media.append(PutFile("images/" + name.rpartition("/")[2], z.read(name),
+                                      "backup"))
+        elif stem in source:
+            name = source[stem]
+            try:
+                if name.lower().endswith(_JPG):
+                    plan.media.append(PutFile(f"images/{stem}.jpg",
+                                              device_jpg(z.read(name), target), name))
+                else:
+                    plan.media.append(PutFile(f"images/{stem}.bin",
+                                              native_image(z.read(name), stem, target), name))
+                plan.converted += 1
+            except Exception as e:
+                plan.images_missing.append(f"{stem} ({name}: {e})")
+        else:
+            plan.images_missing.append(stem)
+
+
+def _plan_logo(plan, z, names, platform, target, same_screen):
+    """The boot logo: the device's copy, or the backup's source made over (Ontrol's
+    tool sends it into images/ -- system/ is where the device looks for it)."""
+    copy = "device/" + platform.logo_uri
+    if same_screen and copy in names:
+        plan.media.append(PutFile(platform.logo_uri, z.read(copy), "backup"))
+        return
+    source = next((n for n in sorted(names) if n.rpartition("/")[0] == "system" and
+                   os.path.splitext(n)[0].endswith("logo")), None)
+    if source is None:
+        return
+    try:
+        data = z.read(source)
+        if platform is _ORION:
+            if not source.lower().endswith(_JPG):
+                return
+            plan.media.append(PutFile(platform.logo_uri, device_jpg(data, target), source))
+        else:
+            plan.media.append(PutFile(platform.logo_uri, native_image(data, "logo", target),
+                                      source))
+    except Exception as e:
+        plan.warnings.append(f"The boot logo could not be made from {source}: {e}")
+
+
+def _plan_fonts(plan, z, names, app, platform, ext):
+    """Every font the backup holds or the app names, in the device's cut `ext`.
+
+    As Ontrol's tool does, the bank's file goes rather than the backup's; the backup's
+    goes only for a font the bank lacks.
+    """
+    in_zip = {}                                     # stem -> {extension: entry}
+    for name in names:
+        folder = next((f for f in _FONT_FOLDERS if name.startswith(f)), None)
+        if folder and "/" not in name[len(folder):]:
+            stem, file_ext = os.path.splitext(name[len(folder):])
+            in_zip.setdefault(stem, {}).setdefault(file_ext.lower(), name)
+    required = {}
+    for m in media_files(app, platform):
+        if m.device_uri.startswith("fonts/"):
+            stem = os.path.splitext(m.device_uri[len("fonts/"):])[0]
+            required[stem] = required.get(stem, False) or m.required
+
+    for stem in sorted(set(in_zip) | set(required)):
+        bank = _bank_source(platform.font_bank, stem + ext, False)
+        if bank:
+            with open(bank, "rb") as f:
+                plan.media.append(PutFile("fonts/" + stem + ext, f.read(),
+                                          f"{platform.font_bank}/{stem}{ext}"))
+        elif ext in in_zip.get(stem, {}):
+            plan.media.append(PutFile("fonts/" + stem + ext,
+                                      z.read(in_zip[stem][ext]), "backup"))
+            plan.fonts_from_zip.append(stem + ext)
+        elif required.get(stem) or stem in in_zip:
+            plan.fonts_missing.append(stem + ext)
+
+
+def put_with_files(client, plan, target, status=None):
+    """Puts the plan on the device; the device takes the app up when it restarts.
+
+    Runs off the main thread; status(text, fraction) reports progress. A failure
+    raises, naming the step. Once app.sab.stage is in place the app is committed: a
+    later failure leaves the new app staged with some of its media missing.
+    """
+    def report(text, fraction=None):
+        if status:
+            status(text, fraction)
+
+    total = sum(len(f.data) for f in plan.app_files + plan.media) or 1
+    done = 0
+
+    def put(uri, f):
+        nonlocal done
+        base = done
+
+        def progress(sent, size):
+            report(f"Writing {uri} ...", (base + sent) / total)
+        report(f"Writing {uri} ...", base / total)
+        try:
+            client.put_file(uri, f.data, progress)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Writing {uri}: {e}") from e
+        done += len(f.data)
+
+    for f in plan.app_files:
+        put(f.device_uri + ".writing", f)
+    for f in plan.app_files:
+        writing, stage = f.device_uri + ".writing", f.device_uri + ".stage"
+        report(f"Renaming {writing} to {stage} ...", done / total)
+        try:
+            client.rename_file(writing, stage)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Renaming {writing} to {stage}: {e}") from e
+    plan.staged = True
+
+    if target.delete_slot_id is not None:
+        for pattern in ("fonts/*", "images/*"):
+            report(f"Deleting {pattern} on the device ...", done / total)
+            try:
+                client.invoke(target.platform_comp_id, target.delete_slot_id,
+                              sox.STR_ID, pattern)     # an asStr Buf goes as a Str
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Deleting {pattern}: {e}") from e
+
+    for f in plan.media:
+        put(f.device_uri, f)
+    report("Done", 1.0)

app_state.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ so later rebinding would only ever be seen by the module that did it.
 import configparser
 import os
 
-VERSION = "0.0.0.163"
+VERSION = "0.0.0.182"
 PROPERTIES_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "editor.properties")
 DEFAULT_GRID_SIZE = 10
 DEFAULT_ADD_TIMESTAMP = True
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ status_label = None      # the window's bottom status bar
 # colour wherever the change was made.
 DIRTY_TINT = "#ffe6e6"
 CLEAN_TINT = "white"
+# The wiresheet canvas around the sheet itself, clean and with unsaved changes.
+OFF_SHEET_TINT = "#f3f3f3"
+OFF_SHEET_DIRTY_TINT = "#f0dcdc"
 
 # The file name on the tree's root row turns this colour while anything is unwritten,
 # which is the one place a file name appears on screen -- a Tk window title cannot be
@@ -118,6 +121,8 @@ def load_preferences():
     left_pane_width = DEFAULT_LEFT_PANE_WIDTH
     sedona_home = ""
     trace_dasp = False
+    lazy_loading = True
+    show_slot_numbers = False
 
     if os.path.exists(PROPERTIES_FILE):
         try:
@@ -130,6 +135,8 @@ def load_preferences():
             )
             sedona_home = config.get("Editor", "sedona.home", fallback="").strip()
             trace_dasp = config.getboolean("Editor", "trace_dasp", fallback=False)
+            lazy_loading = config.getboolean("Editor", "lazy_loading", fallback=True)
+            show_slot_numbers = config.getboolean("Editor", "show_slot_numbers", fallback=False)
         except Exception:
             pass
     else:
@@ -150,7 +157,8 @@ def load_preferences():
     left_pane_width = max(
         MIN_ALLOWED_LEFT_PANE_WIDTH, min(MAX_ALLOWED_LEFT_PANE_WIDTH, left_pane_width)
     )
-    return sedona_home, grid_size, add_timestamp, box_width, left_pane_width, trace_dasp
+    return (sedona_home, grid_size, add_timestamp, box_width, left_pane_width, trace_dasp,
+            lazy_loading, show_slot_numbers)
 
 
 def save_preferences():
@@ -170,6 +178,8 @@ def save_preferences():
         "box_width": str(BOX_WIDTH),
         "left_pane_width": str(LEFT_PANE_WIDTH),
         "trace_dasp": str(TRACE_DASP),
+        "lazy_loading": str(LAZY_LOADING),
+        "show_slot_numbers": str(SHOW_SLOT_NUMBERS),
     }
     with open(PROPERTIES_FILE, "w") as configfile:
         config.write(configfile)
@@ -232,8 +242,7 @@ def mark_dirty():
     global is_dirty
     if not is_dirty:
         is_dirty = True
-        if canvas is not None:
-            canvas.config(bg=DIRTY_TINT)
+        paint_sheet_tint()
     refresh_dirty_display()
 
 
@@ -241,11 +250,26 @@ def mark_clean():
     """Clears the unsaved-state marker after a successful save or a fresh load."""
     global is_dirty
     is_dirty = False
-    if canvas is not None:
-        canvas.config(bg=CLEAN_TINT)
+    paint_sheet_tint()
     refresh_dirty_display()
 
 
+def sheet_tints():
+    """(sheet, off-sheet) colours for the wiresheet in the current saved/unsaved state."""
+    if is_dirty:
+        return DIRTY_TINT, OFF_SHEET_DIRTY_TINT
+    return CLEAN_TINT, OFF_SHEET_TINT
+
+
+def paint_sheet_tint():
+    """Recolours the sheet (the "sheet_bg" rectangle) and the canvas around it."""
+    if canvas is None:
+        return
+    sheet, off_sheet = sheet_tints()
+    canvas.config(bg=off_sheet)
+    canvas.itemconfig("sheet_bg", fill=sheet)
+
+
 # ── Live device connection state ────────────────────────────────
 live_mode = False
 device_session = None       # device_session.DeviceSession instance
@@ -259,5 +283,9 @@ def base_window_title_live():
     return f"Sedona Live Editor [v{VERSION}] — {device_host}:{device_port}"
 
 
-SEDONA_HOME, GRID_SIZE, ADD_TIMESTAMP, BOX_WIDTH, LEFT_PANE_WIDTH, TRACE_DASP = load_preferences()
+# LAZY_LOADING: on connect, read components as folders are opened (True) or the whole
+# app from app.sab first (False). Read at each connect, so a change takes effect on the next.
+# SHOW_SLOT_NUMBERS: prefix wiresheet slot rows with their slot id ("03. out").
+(SEDONA_HOME, GRID_SIZE, ADD_TIMESTAMP, BOX_WIDTH, LEFT_PANE_WIDTH, TRACE_DASP,
+ LAZY_LOADING, SHOW_SLOT_NUMBERS) = load_preferences()
 LAST_PALETTE_KIT = load_last_palette_kit()

bench_sab_seed.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+"""Benchmark: lazy Sox loading vs seeding the cache from app.sab.
+
+    python bench_sab_seed.py HOST [--port 1876] [--user admin] [--password PW]
+
+Each method runs on a fresh connection, so it starts from an empty cache.
+
+  lazy-seq    every component's tree, one request at a time (as used_kit_names does)
+  lazy-tree   the tree folder by folder, each folder's children in one window
+  lazy-full   lazy-tree plus config and links of every component: what app.sab holds
+  lazy-full-seq  lazy-seq plus config and links, one request at a time
+  sab         App.save, get app.sab, decode it
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import time
+
+import app_state  # noqa: F401  loads Sedona home
+import schema
+from device_session import DeviceSession
+from sox import CONFIG
+import app_backup
+import sab_app
+
+
+class Counter:
+    """Counts Sox requests sent through the client."""
+
+    def __init__(self, client):
+        self.n = 0
+        orig_requests = client.requests
+
+        def requests(reqs, *a, **k):
+            self.n += len(reqs)
+            return orig_requests(reqs, *a, **k)
+
+        client.requests = requests
+
+
+def connect(args):
+    ds = DeviceSession()
+    # DeviceSession.connect also loads the root's children and their values; time
+    # only the bare session here, so every method starts from the same place.
+    from sox import SoxClient
+    ds.sox_client = SoxClient(args.host, args.port, args.user, args.password)
+    ds.sox_client.checksum_resolver = schema.resolve_truncated_checksum
+    ds.sox_client.connect()
+    parts = ds.sox_client.read_schema()
+    ds.sox_client.read_version()
+    ds._load_slot_registry(parts)
+    return ds
+
+
+def lazy_seq(ds):
+    client = ds.sox_client
+    pending, n = [0], 0
+    while pending:
+        comp = client.load_ids([pending.pop()], checked=False)[0]
+        if comp is not None:
+            n += 1
+            pending.extend(comp.children)
+    return n
+
+
+def lazy_tree(ds):
+    client = ds.sox_client
+    client.load(0)
+    pending, comps = [0], []
+    while pending:
+        cid = pending.pop()
+        comps.append(client.cache_get(cid))
+        for child in ds.load_children(cid):
+            if child.children:
+                pending.append(child.id)
+            else:
+                comps.append(child)
+    return [c for c in comps if c is not None]
+
+
+def lazy_full(ds):
+    client = ds.sox_client
+    comps = lazy_tree(ds)
+    # In folder-sized windows, as open_wiresheet sends them.
+    for i in range(0, len(comps), 16):
+        client.update(comps[i:i + 16], CONFIG)
+    for c in comps:
+        c.links = client.read_links(c.id)
+    return len(comps)
+
+
+def lazy_full_seq(ds):
+    """lazy-seq plus config and links, every request alone: a P-ION's pace."""
+    client = ds.sox_client
+    pending, n = [0], 0
+    while pending:
+        comp = client.load_ids([pending.pop()], checked=False)[0]
+        if comp is None:
+            continue
+        n += 1
+        pending.extend(comp.children)
+        client.update([comp], CONFIG)
+        comp.links = client.read_links(comp.id)
+    return n
+
+
+def sab(ds, timing):
+    client = ds.sox_client
+    t = time.perf_counter()
+    app_backup.save_app(client)
+    timing["save"] = time.perf_counter() - t
+    t = time.perf_counter()
+    data = client.get_file(app_backup.APP_SAB)
+    timing["get"] = time.perf_counter() - t
+    timing["bytes"] = len(data)
+    t = time.perf_counter()
+    app = sab_app.SabApp(data)
+    timing["decode"] = time.perf_counter() - t
+    timing["links"] = len(app.links)
+    return len(app.comps)
+
+
+def run(name, args, fn):
+    try:
+        ds = connect(args)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{name:10s}  connect failed: {e}")
+        return
+    counter = Counter(ds.sox_client)
+    timing = {}
+    t = time.perf_counter()
+    try:
+        result = fn(ds, timing) if name == "sab" else fn(ds)
+        elapsed = time.perf_counter() - t
+        n = result if isinstance(result, int) else len(result)
+        extra = "  ".join(f"{k}={v:.2f}s" if isinstance(v, float) else f"{k}={v}"
+                          for k, v in timing.items())
+        print(f"{name:10s}  {elapsed:7.2f}s  comps={n:4d}  requests={counter.n:5d}  {extra}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{name:10s}  FAILED after {time.perf_counter() - t:.2f}s "
+              f"({counter.n} requests): {e}")
+    finally:
+        ds.disconnect()
+        time.sleep(1.0)
+
+
+def main():
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    p.add_argument("host")
+    p.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=1876)
+    p.add_argument("--user", default="admin")
+    p.add_argument("--password", default="")
+    p.add_argument("--only", nargs="*",
+                   default=["lazy-seq", "lazy-tree", "lazy-full", "sab"])
+    args = p.parse_args()
+    fns = {"lazy-seq": lazy_seq, "lazy-tree": lazy_tree,
+           "lazy-full": lazy_full, "lazy-full-seq": lazy_full_seq, "sab": sab}
+    print(f"== {args.host}:{args.port}")
+    for name in args.only:
+        run(name, args, fns[name])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

dasp.py

@@ -92,13 +92,87 @@ def _trace(direction, msg, datagram=None):
     import datetime
     ts = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S.%f")[:-3]
     name = _MSG_TYPE_NAMES.get(msg.msg_type, f"?{msg.msg_type}")
-    seq = f" seq={msg.seq_num}" if msg.seq_num >= 0 else ""
-    ack = f" ack={msg.ack}" if msg.ack >= 0 else ""
-    plen = len(msg.payload) if msg.payload else 0
-    hexdump = ""
+    arrow = {"S": ">> SEND", "R": "<< RECV"}.get(direction, direction)
+    payload = msg.payload or b""
+    size = f" ({len(datagram)} bytes)" if datagram else ""
+    lines = [f"[DASP] {ts} {arrow} {name:<12} {_trace_fields(msg)}{size}"]
     if datagram:
-        hexdump = " [" + datagram.hex(" ") + "]"
-    _trace_out(f"[DASP] {ts} {direction} {name}{seq}{ack} payload={plen}{hexdump}")
+        hdr_len = len(datagram) - len(payload)
+        lines.extend(_hexdump(datagram[:hdr_len], f"header {hdr_len}"))
+    if payload:
+        lines.extend(_hexdump(payload, f"payload {len(payload)}"))
+    color = _TRACE_COLORS.get(direction)
+    if color and _console_colors():
+        lines = [f"{color}{ln}\033[0m" for ln in lines]
+    _trace_out("\n".join(lines))
+
+
+def _trace_fields(msg):
+    """The message's header fields as name=value pairs, only those it carries."""
+    f = []
+    if msg.session_id >= 0:   f.append(f"session=0x{msg.session_id:04x}")
+    if msg.seq_num >= 0:      f.append(f"seq={msg.seq_num}")
+    if msg.ack >= 0:          f.append(f"ack={msg.ack}")
+    if msg.ack_more:          f.append(f"ackMore={msg.ack_more.hex()}")
+    if msg.version >= 0:      f.append(f"version=0x{msg.version:04x}")
+    if msg.remote_id >= 0:    f.append(f"remoteId=0x{msg.remote_id:04x}")
+    if msg.username:          f.append(f"user={msg.username}")
+    if msg.digest_algorithm:  f.append(f"digestAlg={msg.digest_algorithm}")
+    if msg.nonce:             f.append(f"nonce=<{len(msg.nonce)} bytes>")
+    if msg.digest:            f.append(f"digest=<{len(msg.digest)} bytes>")
+    if msg.ideal_max >= 0:    f.append(f"idealMax={msg.ideal_max}")
+    if msg.abs_max >= 0:      f.append(f"absMax={msg.abs_max}")
+    if msg.receive_max >= 0:  f.append(f"receiveMax={msg.receive_max}")
+    if msg.receive_timeout >= 0: f.append(f"receiveTimeout={msg.receive_timeout // 1000}s")
+    if msg.platform_id:       f.append(f"platform={msg.platform_id}")
+    if msg.error_code >= 0:
+        hint = _ERROR_HINTS.get(msg.error_code, "")
+        f.append(f"error=0x{msg.error_code:02x}{hint}")
+    return " ".join(f)
+
+
+def _hexdump(data, label):
+    """Hex and ASCII, 16 bytes a row, the first row headed by label."""
+    out = []
+    for off in range(0, len(data), 16):
+        chunk = data[off:off + 16]
+        hexs = chunk.hex(" ").ljust(47)
+        text = "".join(chr(b) if 32 <= b < 127 else "." for b in chunk)
+        head = label if off == 0 else ""
+        out.append(f"         {head:<11} {off:04x}  {hexs}  |{text}|")
+    return out
+
+
+# Sent lines yellow, received lines green, so the two directions read apart at a glance.
+_TRACE_COLORS = {"S": "\033[93m", "R": "\033[92m"}
+_colors_ok = None
+
+
+def _console_colors():
+    """True when stdout is a console that understands ANSI colour codes.
+
+    Windows consoles need virtual-terminal processing switched on first; a pipe or
+    file gets plain text so captured logs stay free of escape codes.
+    """
+    global _colors_ok
+    if _colors_ok is None:
+        import sys
+        stream = sys.__stdout__
+        try:
+            _colors_ok = stream is not None and stream.isatty()
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            _colors_ok = False
+        if _colors_ok and os.name == "nt":
+            try:
+                import ctypes
+                kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
+                handle = kernel32.GetStdHandle(-11)          # STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
+                mode = ctypes.c_uint32()
+                _colors_ok = bool(kernel32.GetConsoleMode(handle, ctypes.byref(mode))
+                                  and kernel32.SetConsoleMode(handle, mode.value | 0x0004))
+            except (OSError, AttributeError):
+                _colors_ok = False
+    return _colors_ok
 
 
 # Trace lines are printed by a thread of their own. The send and receive threads must

device_session.py

@@ -31,6 +31,18 @@ def _slot_precision(type_name, slot_name):
     return 2
 
 
+def _as_sox_value(slot, val):
+    """An app.sab config value as a Sox config read leaves it in the cache."""
+    if "s" in slot.flags:
+        return val
+    if slot.type in ("sys::Buf", "buf"):
+        # Sox reads every Buf as a Str: its bytes but the last, as text.
+        return val[:-1].decode("utf-8", errors="replace") if val else ""
+    if slot.type == "bool":
+        return val is not False      # Sox reads a bool as u1 != 0, so null is true
+    return val
+
+
 class DeviceSession:
     """High-level session manager for a live Sedona device connection."""
 
@@ -38,6 +50,10 @@ class DeviceSession:
         self.sox_client = None
         self._event_queue = queue.Queue()
         self._current_subs = set()   # comp_ids we subscribed for the open wiresheet
+        # Components whose config and links came from app.sab and have not been read
+        # since: their first sheet open skips reading those again.
+        self._seeded = set()
+        self.seed_info = ""          # how the cache was filled, for the status bar
 
     # ── Connect / Disconnect ────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -53,18 +69,30 @@ class DeviceSession:
 
         self._load_slot_registry(parts)
 
-        root_comp = self.sox_client.load(0)
+        self.sox_client.load(0)
+        if app_state.LAZY_LOADING:
+            self.seed_info = "lazy loading"
+        else:
+            try:
+                count = self.seed_from_sab()
+                self.seed_info = f"app read from app.sab: {count} components"
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.seed_info = f"app.sab not used: {e}"
+
+        root_comp = self.sox_client.cache_get(0)
         if root_comp and root_comp.children:
             children = self.load_children(root_comp.id)
             if children:
-                self.sox_client.update(children, CONFIG | RUNTIME)
+                self.sox_client.update(children, self._values_to_read(children))
         return root_comp
 
-    def disconnect(self):
+    def disconnect(self, unsubscribe=True):
+        """Closes the session. unsubscribe=False skips telling the device first -- for a
+        device going down, which would leave the request to time out."""
         if self.sox_client is None:
             return
         try:
-            if self._current_subs:
+            if unsubscribe and self._current_subs:
                 comps = [self.sox_client.cache_get(cid)
                          for cid in self._current_subs]
                 comps = [c for c in comps if c is not None]
@@ -159,6 +187,74 @@ class DeviceSession:
                 if c is not None and c.kit_id == kit_id and c.type_id == type_id_val:
                     c.type_name = full_name
 
+    # ── Seeding from app.sab ────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def seed_from_sab(self):
+        """Fills the cache with the whole app — tree, config and links — from app.sab.
+
+        Reading component by component costs a round trip each, and a device answers one
+        request per pass of its loop: 230 components took 116 s on a P-ION, where saving
+        the app and reading app.sab took 8 s. The app is saved first, so app.sab holds
+        what is running. From here on Sox keeps the cache current, as it does for a
+        lazily loaded one; runtime values are still read when a sheet opens.
+
+        Nothing goes into the cache unless the whole file decodes and its tree matches the
+        device's, so on any failure the caller falls back to lazy loading. Returns the
+        number of components.
+        """
+        import app_backup
+        import sab_app
+        from sox import Link
+
+        client = self.sox_client
+        root = client.cache_get(0) or client.load(0)
+        app_backup.save_app(client)
+        app = sab_app.SabApp(client.get_file(app_backup.APP_SAB))
+
+        # app.sab numbers kits by the app's schema and Sox by kits.scode's; the two can
+        # differ, so types are matched by name, and a kit only when its checksum agrees.
+        device_kits = {p.name: f"{p.checksum & 0xFFFFFFFF:08x}" for p in client.schema_parts}
+        for name, checksum in app.kit_parts:
+            if device_kits.get(name) != checksum:
+                raise ValueError(f"kit {name} in app.sab is not the device's")
+        type_key = {qname: key for key, qname in client.type_name_map.items()}
+
+        if [k["id"] for k in app.app["kids"]] != root.children:
+            raise ValueError("app.sab does not match the running app")
+
+        comps = {}
+        for c in app.comps.values():
+            key = type_key.get(c["type"])
+            if key is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"no manifest for {c['type']}")
+            comp = SoxComponent(c["id"], key[0], key[1], c["type"])
+            comp.name = c["name"]
+            comp.parent = c["parentId"]
+            comp.children = [k["id"] for k in c["kids"]]
+            comp.permissions = root.permissions
+            for slot, val in c["props"]:
+                comp.values[slot.name] = _as_sox_value(slot, val)
+            comps[comp.id] = comp
+        comps[0].subscription = root.subscription
+
+        # Sox reads a component's links both ways, into it and out of it.
+        for from_c, from_slot, to_c, to_slot in app.links:
+            link = Link(from_c["id"], from_slot, to_c["id"], to_slot)
+            comps[from_c["id"]].links.append(link)
+            if to_c["id"] != from_c["id"]:
+                comps[to_c["id"]].links.append(link)
+
+        for comp in comps.values():
+            client.cache_add(comp)
+        self._seeded = set(comps)
+        return len(comps)
+
+    def _values_to_read(self, comps):
+        """What to read for `comps` on a sheet open: config too, unless app.sab gave it."""
+        if all(c.id in self._seeded for c in comps):
+            return RUNTIME
+        return CONFIG | RUNTIME
+
     # ── Lazy Loading ────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     def load_children(self, comp_id):
@@ -251,9 +347,9 @@ class DeviceSession:
 
         all_link_remote_ids = set()
         for child in children:
-            links = self.sox_client.read_links(child.id)
-            child.links = links
-            for lnk in links:
+            if child.id not in self._seeded:
+                child.links = self.sox_client.read_links(child.id)
+            for lnk in child.links:
                 all_link_remote_ids.add(lnk.from_comp_id)
                 all_link_remote_ids.add(lnk.to_comp_id)
 
@@ -265,7 +361,14 @@ class DeviceSession:
         if remote_ids:
             self.sox_client.load_ids(remote_ids, checked=False)
 
-        self.sox_client.update(children, CONFIG | RUNTIME)
+        seeded = [c for c in children if c.id in self._seeded]
+        others = [c for c in children if c.id not in self._seeded]
+        if seeded:
+            self.sox_client.update(seeded, RUNTIME)
+        if others:
+            self.sox_client.update(others, CONFIG | RUNTIME)
+        # Subscribed from here on, so Sox keeps them current; a later open reads again.
+        self._seeded -= child_ids
 
         folder_comp = self.sox_client.cache_get(folder_comp_id)
         to_subscribe = [folder_comp] + children if folder_comp else children

editor.properties

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ add_timestamp = True
 box_width = 250
 left_pane_width = 230
 trace_dasp = True
+lazy_loading = True
+show_slot_numbers = False
 
 [Device]
-host = 192.168.1.29
+host = 192.168.0.26
 port = 1876
 user = admin
 

kit_build.py

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+"""Building a device's kits.scode, as Ontrol's PutApp does it with sedonac.
+
+The editor carries no Sedona compiler: Ontrol's own sedonac is run through Java, from
+the Niagara install next to Sedona home (Niagara 4's ontrolSedonanet jars, or Niagara
+AX's sedona/sedonac jars -- both build the same image). Its input is a kits.xml naming
+each kit at its version, with the target platform's endian, block and ref sizes taken
+from the platform manifest in Sedona home's platform db.
+
+Before a build the kits' calls into native code are checked against the platform's
+SVM, as PutApp.checkNativeCompatibility does: an scode calling a native the device's
+VM lacks would not start.
+"""
+
+import glob
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+import zipfile
+
+import app_state
+import palette
+
+
+class BuildError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def _home():
+    return app_state.SEDONA_HOME
+
+
+# --- kits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def kit_file(name, checksum):
+    """(path, version) of the .kit for a kit build; the highest version when one checksum
+    was released more than once. None when Sedona home has no such .kit."""
+    want = int(checksum, 16) if isinstance(checksum, str) else checksum & 0xFFFFFFFF
+    pattern = re.compile(rf"^{re.escape(name)}-([0-9a-fA-F]+)-(.+)\.kit$")
+    found = []
+    for path in glob.glob(os.path.join(_home(), "kits", name, f"{name}-*.kit")):
+        match = pattern.match(os.path.basename(path))
+        if match and int(match.group(1), 16) == want:
+            found.append((palette.version_sort_key(match.group(2)), path, match.group(2)))
+    if not found:
+        return None
+    _, path, version = max(found)
+    return path, version
+
+
+# --- the target platform ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def platform_manifest(platform_id):
+    """The platformManifest.xml in Sedona home's platform db for a platform id, or None."""
+    if not platform_id:
+        return None
+    # os.walk, not glob: the manifests sit in hidden .par folders glob skips.
+    for folder, _, files in os.walk(os.path.join(_home(), "platforms", "db")):
+        if "platformManifest.xml" not in files:
+            continue
+        path = os.path.join(folder, "platformManifest.xml")
+        try:
+            if ET.parse(path).getroot().get("platformId") == platform_id:
+                return path
+        except ET.ParseError:
+            continue
+    return None
+
+
+_CLASS = re.compile(r"^\s*(?:[a-z]+\s+)*class\s+(\w+)", re.M)
+_NATIVE = re.compile(r"\bnative\b[^=\n]*?\b(\w+)\s*\([^)]*\)\s*=\s*(\d+::\d+)")
+_CALL = re.compile(r"\bCallNative\w*\s+(\w+::\w+\.\w+)")
+
+
+def native_problems(kits, manifest_path):
+    """Lines naming each native the kits call that the platform's SVM does not provide.
+
+    kits is [(name, checksum)]. Read from the kits' .ir files: a native's id from its
+    declaration, the natives in use from the CallNative ops.
+    """
+    svm = {e.get("id"): e.get("qname")
+           for e in ET.parse(manifest_path).getroot().iter("nativeMethod")}
+    declared, called = {}, set()
+    for name, checksum in kits:
+        found = kit_file(name, checksum)
+        if found is None:
+            continue                    # reported by the build
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(found[0]) as z:
+            for entry in z.namelist():
+                if not entry.endswith(".ir"):
+                    continue
+                text = z.read(entry).decode("utf-8", "replace")
+                classes = [(m.start(), m.group(1)) for m in _CLASS.finditer(text)]
+                for m in _NATIVE.finditer(text):
+                    owner = [c for pos, c in classes if pos < m.start()]
+                    if owner:
+                        declared[f"{name}::{owner[-1]}.{m.group(1)}"] = m.group(2)
+                called.update(_CALL.findall(text))
+    problems = []
+    for qname in sorted(called):
+        nid = declared.get(qname)
+        if nid is None or nid not in svm:
+            problems.append(f"{qname} ({nid or 'not declared'}) is not in the device's VM")
+        elif svm[nid] != qname:
+            problems.append(f"{qname} ({nid}) is {svm[nid]} in the device's VM")
+    return problems
+
+
+# --- the compiler -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _java():
+    found = shutil.which("java")
+    if found:
+        return found
+    candidates = []
+    if os.environ.get("JAVA_HOME"):
+        candidates.append(os.path.join(os.environ["JAVA_HOME"], "bin", "java.exe"))
+    niagara_root = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(_home()))
+    candidates += sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(niagara_root, "Niagara-*", "jre", "bin",
+                                                "java.exe")), reverse=True)
+    for root in (os.environ.get("ProgramFiles", r"C:\Program Files"),):
+        candidates += sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(root, "*", "*", "bin", "java.exe")),
+                             reverse=True)
+    return next((c for c in candidates if os.path.isfile(c)), None)
+
+
+def _classpath():
+    """sedonac and the sedona runtime from the Niagara install beside Sedona home."""
+    niagara_root = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(_home()))
+    for niagara in sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(niagara_root, "Niagara-*")), reverse=True):
+        modules = os.path.join(niagara, "modules")
+        for jars in (("ontrolSedonanet-rt.jar", "ontrolSedonanet-wb.jar"),
+                     ("sedona.jar", "sedonac.jar")):
+            paths = [os.path.join(modules, j) for j in jars]
+            if all(os.path.isfile(p) for p in paths):
+                return os.pathsep.join(paths)
+    return None
+
+
+def toolchain():
+    """(java, classpath) for running sedonac; raises BuildError saying what is missing."""
+    java, classpath = _java(), _classpath()
+    if not java:
+        raise BuildError("No Java runtime was found (java on the PATH, JAVA_HOME, or "
+                         "Niagara's jre).")
+    if not classpath:
+        raise BuildError("sedonac was not found: no Niagara install beside Sedona home "
+                         f"({os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(_home()))}) has Ontrol's "
+                         "ontrolSedonanet jars or sedona.jar + sedonac.jar.")
+    return java, classpath
+
+
+def build_kits_scode(kits, manifest_path):
+    """Compiles kits.scode for [(name, checksum)] on the platform; returns its bytes."""
+    plat = ET.parse(manifest_path).getroot()
+    lines = ["<sedonaCode"]
+    for attr in ("endian", "blockSize", "refSize", "debug", "test", "armDouble"):
+        lines.append(f'  {attr}="{plat.get(attr)}"')
+    lines += ['  main="sys::Sys.main"', ">"]
+    missing = []
+    for name, checksum in kits:
+        found = kit_file(name, checksum)
+        if found is None:
+            missing.append(f"{name} {checksum}")
+        else:
+            lines.append(f'  <depend on="{name} {found[1]}=" />')
+    if missing:
+        raise BuildError("Sedona home has no .kit file for " + ", ".join(missing))
+    lines.append("</sedonaCode>")
+
+    java, classpath = toolchain()
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="sedona_editor_scode_") as work:
+        with open(os.path.join(work, "kits.xml"), "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            f.write("\n".join(lines) + "\n")
+        try:
+            run = subprocess.run(
+                [java, f"-Dsedona.home={_home()}", "-cp", classpath, "sedonac.Main",
+                 "kits.xml"],
+                cwd=work, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=180,
+                creationflags=getattr(subprocess, "CREATE_NO_WINDOW", 0))
+        except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired) as e:
+            raise BuildError(f"sedonac could not run: {e}") from e
+        scode = os.path.join(work, "kits.scode")
+        if run.returncode != 0 or not os.path.isfile(scode):
+            tail = "\n".join((run.stdout + run.stderr).strip().splitlines()[-12:])
+            raise BuildError(f"sedonac failed:\n{tail}")
+        with open(scode, "rb") as f:
+            return f.read()

link_drag.py

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ either end. While dragging, the cursor points along the flow of the link over a
 would take it, and turns into a no-entry sign over one that would not, so a bad drop is
 visible before the button is released.
 
-A right press that never moves still opens the component's context menu. A left press
+A right press that never moves still opens the component's context menu. A left drag
+that starts on bare sheet draws a selection rectangle, and selects the boxes wholly
+inside it on release; with Ctrl held they join the current selection. A left press
 anywhere on a box selects it, but only a press on its title bar moves it; on a slot row
 it draws a link instead, as in Workbench.
 """
@@ -33,11 +35,15 @@ HOVER_COLOR = "#1f4e79"
 DROP_OK_COLOR = "#2e9d3a"
 DROP_BAD_COLOR = "#d62828"
 RUBBER_COLOR = "#2f6fba"
+MARQUEE_COLOR = "#2f6fba"
+CTRL_MASK = 0x0004
 
 _cursors = {}                   # role -> Tk cursor spec, built on first use
 _press = None                   # pending right press: {"hit", "x", "y", "event"}
 _drag = None                    # live link drag: {"hit", "anchor"}
+_marquee = None                 # left press on bare sheet: {"x", "y", "cx", "cy", "state", "active"}
 _menu_callback = None           # opens the ordinary right-click menu for an event
+_select_boxes = None            # makes a list of comp tags the box selection
 _link_dialog = None             # opens the Link dialog: (source, target, src_slot, tgt_slot)
 
 
@@ -301,14 +307,16 @@ def _anchor(hit):
 
 def clear():
     """Drops any hover ring, rubber band and drag state; called on every repaint."""
-    global _press, _drag
+    global _press, _drag, _marquee
     canvas = app_state.canvas
     if canvas is None:
         return
     canvas.delete("slot_hover")
     canvas.delete("link_rubber")
+    canvas.delete("marquee")
     _press = None
     _drag = None
+    _marquee = None
     _set_cursor(None)
 
 
@@ -442,6 +450,67 @@ def on_right_release(event):
         _menu_callback(event)
 
 
+# Left button on bare sheet: dragging pulls out a selection rectangle that selects every
+# box wholly inside it on release (Ctrl adds them to the current selection).
+
+def _on_bare_sheet(cx, cy):
+    """True if no box or link lies under a canvas point."""
+    canvas = app_state.canvas
+    for item in canvas.find_overlapping(cx - 3, cy - 3, cx + 3, cy + 3):
+        tags = canvas.gettags(item)
+        if "component" in tags or "link" in tags:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _marquee_motion(event):
+    """Draws the selection rectangle once the pointer has moved far enough."""
+    global _marquee
+    if _marquee is None:
+        return
+    if not _marquee["active"]:
+        if abs(event.x - _marquee["x"]) < DRAG_THRESHOLD and \
+                abs(event.y - _marquee["y"]) < DRAG_THRESHOLD:
+            return
+        _marquee["active"] = True
+        app_state.canvas.delete("slot_hover")
+    canvas = app_state.canvas
+    canvas.delete("marquee")
+    canvas.create_rectangle(_marquee["cx"], _marquee["cy"],
+                            canvas.canvasx(event.x), canvas.canvasy(event.y),
+                            outline=MARQUEE_COLOR, width=1, dash=(4, 2),
+                            tags=("marquee",))
+    canvas.tag_raise("marquee")
+
+
+def _marquee_finish(event):
+    """Ends a rectangle drag. Returns True if it selected, False if it was a click."""
+    global _marquee
+    marquee, _marquee = _marquee, None
+    canvas = app_state.canvas
+    canvas.delete("marquee")
+    if marquee is None or not marquee["active"]:
+        return False
+    cx, cy = canvas.canvasx(event.x), canvas.canvasy(event.y)
+    left, right = sorted((marquee["cx"], cx))
+    top, bottom = sorted((marquee["cy"], cy))
+    inside = []
+    for comp_tag in app_state.canvas_comp_map:
+        box = wiresheet.get_box_bounds(comp_tag)
+        if box and left <= box[0] and top <= box[1] and box[2] <= right and box[3] <= bottom:
+            inside.append(comp_tag)
+    adding = (marquee["state"] | event.state) & CTRL_MASK
+    wiresheet.deselect_link()        # links and boxes are never selected together
+    if adding:
+        current = [t for t in app_state.selected_canvas_tags if t not in inside]
+        _select_boxes(current + inside)
+    else:
+        _select_boxes(inside)
+    count = len(app_state.selected_canvas_tags)
+    app_state.set_status(f"{count} component{'s' if count != 1 else ''} selected.")
+    return True
+
+
 # Left button: anywhere on a box selects it. Only the title bar moves it; a slot row
 # drags out a link, and the rest of the box does nothing more than select.
 
@@ -451,6 +520,19 @@ def _on_title_bar(comp_tag, cy):
 
 
 def on_left_press(event):
+    global _marquee
+    _marquee = None
+    canvas = app_state.canvas
+    cx, cy = canvas.canvasx(event.x), canvas.canvasy(event.y)
+    if _on_bare_sheet(cx, cy):
+        app_state.drag_data["tag"] = None
+        if not event.state & CTRL_MASK:
+            # A plain click on bare sheet still clears the selection, drag or not.
+            wiresheet.deselect_link()
+            _select_boxes([])
+        _marquee = {"x": event.x, "y": event.y, "cx": cx, "cy": cy,
+                    "state": event.state, "active": False}
+        return
     _box_handlers["press"](event)               # selection, and arms a box move
     if _start_press(event) is not None:
         app_state.canvas.delete("slot_hover")
@@ -460,30 +542,37 @@ def on_left_press(event):
 
 
 def on_left_motion(event):
-    if _press is not None or _drag is not None:
+    if _marquee is not None:
+        _marquee_motion(event)
+    elif _press is not None or _drag is not None:
         _drag_motion(event)
     else:
         _box_handlers["motion"](event)
 
 
 def on_left_release(event):
-    if _finish(event) is None:
+    if _marquee is not None:
+        _marquee_finish(event)
+    elif _finish(event) in (None, "click"):
         _box_handlers["release"](event)
 
 
 _box_handlers = {}
 
 
-def install(canvas, menu_callback, box_press, box_motion, box_release, link_dialog):
+def install(canvas, menu_callback, box_press, box_motion, box_release, link_dialog,
+            select_boxes):
     """Binds hover, link dragging on both buttons, and the box handlers it wraps.
 
     menu_callback opens the context menu; box_* are the sheet's own left-button
     select-and-move handlers, which still run whenever a press is not on a slot row;
-    link_dialog opens the Link dialog when a link is dropped on a title bar.
+    link_dialog opens the Link dialog when a link is dropped on a title bar;
+    select_boxes makes a list of comp tags the selection after a rectangle drag.
     """
-    global _menu_callback, _link_dialog
+    global _menu_callback, _link_dialog, _select_boxes
     _menu_callback = menu_callback
     _link_dialog = link_dialog
+    _select_boxes = select_boxes
     _box_handlers.update(press=box_press, motion=box_motion, release=box_release)
     canvas.bind("<Motion>", on_motion)
     canvas.bind("<Leave>", on_leave, add="+")

live_hooks.py

@@ -155,6 +155,43 @@ def live_rename_component(element, new_name):
         return False
 
 
+# ── Reorder Children ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def live_reorder_children(parent_element, ordered_children):
+    """In live mode, sends a Sox reorder to the device. Returns True on success.
+
+    The device takes the order only when it names every child it has, no more and no
+    fewer, so the list is checked against what the device last said before it is sent.
+    """
+    ds = _session()
+    if ds is None:
+        return False
+    parent_id = _comp_id(parent_element)
+    if parent_id is None:
+        _fail(f"'{parent_element.get('name', '?')}' has no component id.")
+        return False
+    child_ids = []
+    for child in ordered_children:
+        cid = _comp_id(child)
+        if cid is None:
+            _fail(f"'{child.get('name', '?')}' has no component id.")
+            return False
+        child_ids.append(cid)
+
+    client = ds.sox_client
+    cached = client.cache_get(parent_id)
+    if cached is not None and set(cached.children) != set(child_ids):
+        _fail("The editor's list of children no longer matches the device's. "
+              "Reconnect to read the device again.")
+        return False
+    try:
+        client.reorder(parent_id, child_ids)
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        _fail(f"The device rejected the reorder: {e}")
+        return False
+
+
 # ── Link / Unlink ───────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 def _link_ends(ds, from_element, from_slot_name, to_element, to_slot_name):

main.py

@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ import live_hooks
 import manage_kits
 import palette
 import properties
+import put_kits_dialog
 import sax_file
 import schema
+import sox
 import undo
 import ox_page_view
 import user_service_view
@@ -615,24 +617,39 @@ def _invoke_app_action(slot_name):
     if slot is None:
         app_state.set_status(f"Action slot '{slot_name}' not found on app", warn=True)
         return False
+    goes_down = slot_name in _GOES_DOWN
     try:
-        ds.sox_client.invoke(0, slot["id"])
-        app_state.set_status(f"Invoked '{slot_name}' on device")
+        # A device going down often does so before it answers: give the request a few
+        # seconds (time for DASP to resend it once), then disconnect either way rather
+        # than wait for the session to drop.
+        ds.sox_client.invoke(0, slot["id"], timeout=_GOES_DOWN_WAIT if goes_down else 30.0)
+    except sox.SoxException as e:
+        refused = "timeout" not in str(e).lower() and "closed" not in str(e).lower()
+        if not goes_down or refused:
+            app_state.set_status(f"Invoke '{slot_name}' failed: {e}", warn=True)
+            return False
     except Exception as e:
         app_state.set_status(f"Invoke '{slot_name}' failed: {e}", warn=True)
         return False
     if slot_name == "save":
         app_state.mark_clean()
-    elif slot_name in ("hibernate", "quit", "restart", "reboot"):
-        do_device_disconnect()
+        app_state.set_status(f"Invoked '{slot_name}' on device")
+    elif goes_down:
+        host = app_state.device_host
+        do_device_disconnect(device_down=True)
+        app_state.set_status(f"Sent '{slot_name}' to {host} and disconnected")
+    else:
+        app_state.set_status(f"Invoked '{slot_name}' on device")
     return True
 
 
 _APP_ACTIONS = ["save", "hibernate", "quit", "restart", "reboot"]
+_GOES_DOWN = ("hibernate", "quit", "restart", "reboot")   # the device stops answering
+_GOES_DOWN_WAIT = 3.0       # seconds to wait for its reply before disconnecting
 
 
 def do_get_with_file():
-    """App > Get with File: backs the device's app up to a zip in <Sedona home>/store/apps.
+    """App > Get with Files: backs the device's app up to a zip in <Sedona home>/store/apps.
 
     The app is saved on the device before its app.sab is read, as Ontrol's Niagara
     driver does, so unsaved changes are announced first and the backup can be called
@@ -640,25 +657,44 @@ def do_get_with_file():
     """
     ds = app_state.device_session
     if not app_state.live_mode or ds is None or not ds.is_connected:
-        messagebox.showinfo("Get with File", "Connect to a device first.")
+        messagebox.showinfo("Get with Files", "Connect to a device first.")
         return
     if not app_state.SEDONA_HOME:
-        messagebox.showerror("Get with File", "The Sedona home folder is not set (Preferences).")
+        messagebox.showerror("Get with Files", "The Sedona home folder is not set (Preferences).")
         return
 
     if app_state.is_dirty and not messagebox.askokcancel(
             "Unsaved Changes",
             "The app has changes that are not saved on the device yet." + NL + NL +
-            "Get with File saves the app on the device first, so they will be saved."):
+            "Get with Files saves the app on the device first, so they will be saved."):
         return
 
     path = _ask_backup_path(ds)
     if not path:
         return
 
+    def finish(result, error):
+        if error is not None:
+            app_state.set_status(f"Get with Files failed: {error}", warn=True)
+            messagebox.showerror("Get with Files", f"The backup failed:{NL}{NL}{error}")
+            return
+        app_state.mark_clean()          # the app was saved on the device first
+        _report_backup(result)
+
+    _run_with_progress("Get with Files",
+                       lambda status: app_backup.get_with_file(ds.sox_client, path, status),
+                       finish)
+
+
+def _run_with_progress(title, work, finish):
+    """Runs work(status) off the main thread behind a small progress window.
+
+    status(text, fraction) updates the window; finish(result, error) then runs on the
+    main thread, error being the exception work raised, or None.
+    """
     window = app_state.window
     dlg = tk.Toplevel(window)
-    dlg.title("Get with File")
+    dlg.title(title)
     dlg.resizable(False, False)
     dlg.transient(window)
     dlg.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", lambda: None)   # a transfer cannot be stopped midway
@@ -681,42 +717,42 @@ def do_get_with_file():
                     bar.config(value=fraction)
         window.after(0, show)
 
-    def finish(result, error):
+    def done(result, error):
         dlg.grab_release()
         dlg.destroy()
-        if error is not None:
-            app_state.set_status(f"Get with File failed: {error}", warn=True)
-            messagebox.showerror("Get with File", f"The backup failed:{NL}{NL}{error}")
-            return
-        app_state.mark_clean()          # the app was saved on the device first
-        _report_backup(result)
+        finish(result, error)
 
-    def work():
+    def run():
         try:
-            result = app_backup.get_with_file(ds.sox_client, path, status)
+            result = work(status)
         except Exception as e:
-            window.after(0, lambda e=e: finish(None, e))
+            window.after(0, lambda e=e: done(None, e))
         else:
-            window.after(0, lambda: finish(result, None))
+            window.after(0, lambda: done(result, None))
 
-    threading.Thread(target=work, daemon=True).start()
+    threading.Thread(target=run, daemon=True).start()
 
 
-def _ask_backup_path(ds):
-    """The save dialog for the zip: <Sedona home>/store/apps, the name filled in.
+def _device_app_names(ds):
+    """(deviceName, appName) of the device's app, or None for each it does not give.
 
-    The name takes the app's deviceName and appName, read off the device now -- the
-    app component's config is not loaded until something asks for it.
+    Read off the device now -- the app component's config is not loaded until
+    something asks for it.
     """
-    device_name, app_name = app_state.device_host, "app"
     try:
         comp = ds.sox_client.cache_get(0)
         if comp is not None:
             ds.sox_client.update([comp], device_session.CONFIG)
-            device_name = comp.values.get("deviceName") or device_name
-            app_name = comp.values.get("appName") or app_name
+            return comp.values.get("deviceName") or None, comp.values.get("appName") or None
     except Exception as e:
         app_state.set_status(f"Could not read the app's names: {e}", warn=True)
+    return None, None
+
+
+def _ask_backup_path(ds):
+    """The save dialog for the zip: <Sedona home>/store/apps, named after the app."""
+    device_name, app_name = _device_app_names(ds)
+    device_name, app_name = device_name or app_state.device_host, app_name or "app"
 
     folder = app_backup.backup_folder()
     try:
@@ -724,7 +760,7 @@ def _ask_backup_path(ds):
     except OSError:
         folder = app_state.SEDONA_HOME
     return filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
-        title="Get with File",
+        title="Get with Files",
         initialdir=folder,
         initialfile=app_backup.backup_file_name(device_name, app_name),
         defaultextension=".zip",
@@ -748,7 +784,138 @@ def _report_backup(result):
         lines += ["", "No source for these in Sedona home's banks; only the device copy is in the zip:"]
         lines += [f"  {name}" for name in result.missing_in_bank]
     app_state.set_status(f"Got {os.path.basename(result.path)}", warn=warn)
-    (messagebox.showwarning if warn else messagebox.showinfo)("Get with File", NL.join(lines))
+    (messagebox.showwarning if warn else messagebox.showinfo)("Get with Files", NL.join(lines))
+
+
+def do_put_with_files():
+    """App > Put with Files: puts a Get with Files zip back onto the connected device.
+
+    As Ontrol's tool does: the kits the app needs are listed to choose builds for (the
+    device's by default), the backup's app.sax is encoded for them, and kits.scode is
+    rebuilt with sedonac when they are not the device's. The zip is checked against the
+    device on the way. The app goes staged, so the device takes it up when restarted,
+    which is offered once the files are in.
+    """
+    ds = app_state.device_session
+    if not app_state.live_mode or ds is None or not ds.is_connected:
+        messagebox.showinfo("Put with Files", "Connect to a device first.")
+        return
+    if not app_state.SEDONA_HOME:
+        messagebox.showerror("Put with Files", "The Sedona home folder is not set (Preferences).")
+        return
+
+    folder = app_backup.backup_folder()
+    path = filedialog.askopenfilename(
+        title="Put with Files",
+        initialdir=folder if os.path.isdir(folder) else app_state.SEDONA_HOME,
+        filetypes=[("Sedona backup files", "*.zip"), ("All files", "*.*")],
+    )
+    if not path:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        target = app_backup.device_target(ds)
+    except Exception as e:
+        messagebox.showerror("Put with Files", f"Could not read the device:{NL}{NL}{e}")
+        return
+    try:
+        rows = app_backup.kit_rows(path, target)
+    except Exception as e:
+        messagebox.showerror("Put with Files", f"{os.path.basename(path)}:{NL}{NL}{e}")
+        return
+    backup_platform = app_backup.platform_of_kits(r.name for r in rows if r.backup or r.used)
+    if backup_platform is None or backup_platform is not target.platform:
+        messagebox.showerror(
+            "Put with Files",
+            f"{os.path.basename(path)} cannot be put on this device:{NL}{NL}"
+            f"The backup is from {app_backup.platform_label(backup_platform)}; the device "
+            f"is {app_backup.platform_label(target.platform)}.")
+        return
+    rebuild = put_kits_dialog.ask(app_state.window, rows)
+    if rebuild is None:
+        return
+
+    def planned(plan, error):
+        if error is not None:
+            messagebox.showerror("Put with Files", f"Preparing the put failed:{NL}{NL}{error}")
+            return
+        if not plan.ok:
+            app_state.set_status(f"{os.path.basename(path)} cannot be put on the device",
+                                 warn=True)
+            messagebox.showerror(
+                "Put with Files",
+                f"{os.path.basename(path)} cannot be put on this device:{NL}{NL}" +
+                NL.join(plan.problems))
+            return
+        if messagebox.askokcancel("Put with Files", _describe_put(plan),
+                                  icon=messagebox.WARNING, default=messagebox.CANCEL):
+            _put(plan)
+
+    def prepare(status):
+        status("Preparing the app" + (" and building kits.scode" if rebuild or any(
+            map(app_backup.kit_change, rows)) else "") + " ...", None)
+        return app_backup.plan_put(path, target, rows, rebuild)
+
+    def _put(plan):
+        _run_with_progress("Put with Files",
+                           lambda status: app_backup.put_with_files(ds.sox_client, plan,
+                                                                    target, status),
+                           lambda result, error: finish(plan, result, error))
+
+    def finish(plan, _result, error):
+        if error is not None:
+            app_state.set_status(f"Put with Files failed: {error}", warn=True)
+            messagebox.showerror(
+                "Put with Files",
+                f"The put failed:{NL}{NL}{error}{NL}{NL}" +
+                ("The new app is staged, but not all of its fonts and images are on the "
+                 "device. Put the backup again before restarting it."
+                 if plan.staged else
+                 "app.sab.stage was not written; the device keeps its current app."))
+            return
+        app_state.set_status(f"Put {os.path.basename(path)}; restart the device to take it up")
+        if messagebox.askyesno(
+                "Put with Files",
+                f"{len(plan.app_files) + len(plan.media)} files written to the device."
+                f"{NL}{NL}Restart the device now to complete provisioning?"):
+            if _invoke_app_action("restart"):
+                app_state.set_status(f"Put {os.path.basename(path)}; the device is "
+                                     "restarting, disconnected")
+
+    _run_with_progress("Put with Files", prepare, planned)
+
+
+def _describe_put(plan):
+    """The confirmation for a put: what goes to the device, and what that replaces."""
+    images = sum(f.device_uri.startswith("images/") for f in plan.media)
+    fonts = [f for f in plan.media if f.device_uri.startswith("fonts/")]
+    lines = [f"Put {os.path.basename(plan.path)} on {app_state.device_host}?", "",
+             "The device's app is replaced; anything not saved on it is lost." +
+             (" Its fonts and images are deleted and replaced by the backup's."
+              if plan.has_screen else ""), "",
+             f"  app.sab, from {plan.app_source}"]
+    if plan.scode_source:
+        lines.append(f"  kits.scode, {plan.scode_source}")
+        lines += [f"      {line}" for line in plan.kit_changes]
+    if not plan.has_screen:
+        return NL.join(lines + ([""] + plan.warnings if plan.warnings else []))
+    lines.append(f"  {images} images" +
+                 (f" ({plan.converted} made from the backup's image bank)"
+                  if plan.converted else ""))
+    lines.append(f"  {len(fonts)} fonts" +
+                 (f" ({len(plan.fonts_from_zip)} from the backup, the rest from Sedona home)"
+                  if plan.fonts_from_zip else " from Sedona home" if fonts else ""))
+    if any(f.device_uri.startswith("system/") for f in plan.media):
+        lines.append("  boot logo")
+    for title, items in (("The backup has no usable copy of these images:",
+                          plan.images_missing),
+                         ("Neither Sedona home nor the backup has these fonts:",
+                          plan.fonts_missing)):
+        if items:
+            lines += ["", title] + [f"  {item}" for item in items]
+    if plan.warnings:
+        lines += [""] + plan.warnings
+    return NL.join(lines)
 
 
 NL = chr(10)   # newline, for the multi-line message boxes
@@ -766,7 +933,7 @@ def do_tidy_layout(event=None):
     multiplier = app_state.meta_scale // app_state.GRID_SIZE
 
     if moved == 0:
-        messagebox.showinfo("Tidy Layout", "Nothing to move — no boxes overlap.")
+        messagebox.showinfo("Tidy Layout", "Nothing to move — the sheet is already tidy.")
     elif clamped:
         messagebox.showwarning(
             "Tidy Layout",
@@ -824,14 +991,8 @@ def zoom_to(level, anchor=None):
     if after == before:
         return
 
-    # Scroll the repainted sheet back under the held point. The scrollregion starts at
-    # the origin, so its far corner is the span the view fractions are measured against.
-    region = str(canvas.cget("scrollregion")).split()
-    if len(region) == 4:
-        span_x = float(region[2]) or 1.0
-        span_y = float(region[3]) or 1.0
-        canvas.xview_moveto(max(0.0, (sheet_x * after - anchor[0]) / span_x))
-        canvas.yview_moveto(max(0.0, (sheet_y * after - anchor[1]) / span_y))
+    # Scroll the repainted sheet back under the held point.
+    wiresheet.scroll_view_to(sheet_x * after - anchor[0], sheet_y * after - anchor[1])
 
 
 def do_zoom_in(event=None):
@@ -887,12 +1048,8 @@ def do_zoom_fit(event=None):
     applied = wiresheet.set_zoom(level)
     update_zoom_label()
 
-    region = str(canvas.cget("scrollregion")).split()
-    if len(region) == 4:
-        span_x = float(region[2]) or 1.0
-        span_y = float(region[3]) or 1.0
-        canvas.xview_moveto(max(0.0, (bounds[0] * applied - wiresheet.FIT_PADDING) / span_x))
-        canvas.yview_moveto(max(0.0, (bounds[1] * applied - wiresheet.FIT_PADDING) / span_y))
+    wiresheet.scroll_view_to(bounds[0] * applied - wiresheet.FIT_PADDING,
+                             bounds[1] * applied - wiresheet.FIT_PADDING)
     return "break"
 
 
@@ -1089,16 +1246,11 @@ def scroll_canvas_to(tag):
     """Scrolls the sheet so the tagged items sit in the middle of the view."""
     canvas = app_state.canvas
     box = canvas.bbox(tag)
-    region = str(canvas.cget("scrollregion")).split()
-    if box is None or len(region) != 4:
+    if box is None:
         return
 
-    span_x = float(region[2]) or 1.0
-    span_y = float(region[3]) or 1.0
-    middle_x = (box[0] + box[2]) / 2 - canvas.winfo_width() / 2
-    middle_y = (box[1] + box[3]) / 2 - canvas.winfo_height() / 2
-    canvas.xview_moveto(max(0.0, middle_x / span_x))
-    canvas.yview_moveto(max(0.0, middle_y / span_y))
+    wiresheet.scroll_view_to((box[0] + box[2]) / 2 - canvas.winfo_width() / 2,
+                             (box[1] + box[3]) / 2 - canvas.winfo_height() / 2)
 
 
 def select_link_element(link_elem):
@@ -1192,6 +1344,26 @@ def select_link_on_open_sheet(link_elem):
         app_state.set_status("That link is not painted on this sheet.", warn=True)
 
 
+def select_all_boxes(event=None):
+    """Ctrl+A: selects every box on the open wiresheet."""
+    # Bound application-wide like Del, so a text field keeps its own select-all.
+    if editor_panel_showing():
+        return None
+    focused = app_state.window.focus_get()
+    if focused is not None:
+        if focused.winfo_toplevel() is not app_state.window:
+            return None
+        if focused.winfo_class() in TEXT_ENTRY_CLASSES:
+            return None
+    wiresheet.deselect_link()        # links and boxes are never selected together
+    select_canvas_boxes(list(app_state.canvas_comp_map))
+    # Hand the sheet the keyboard, so the arrows move the boxes rather than the tree.
+    app_state.canvas.focus_set()
+    count = len(app_state.selected_canvas_tags)
+    app_state.set_status(f"{count} component{'s' if count != 1 else ''} selected.")
+    return "break"
+
+
 def delete_selected_component(event=None):
     """Deletes the highlighted canvas component (or selected link) and all its descendants recursively."""
     # Del is bound application-wide, so it also reaches a Properties field being typed in
@@ -1240,6 +1412,10 @@ def on_tree_right_click(event):
         if app_element is not None:
             tree_root_context_menu.add_command(
                 label="Properties", command=lambda: show_properties(app_element))
+            if _has_reorderable_children(app_element):
+                tree_root_context_menu.add_command(
+                    label="Reorder...",
+                    command=lambda: open_reorder_dialog(current_element(app_element)))
             tree_root_context_menu.add_separator()
         if app_state.live_mode and app_state.device_session and app_state.device_session.is_connected:
             for action_name in _APP_ACTIONS:
@@ -1263,6 +1439,12 @@ def on_tree_right_click(event):
         selection = [app_state.tree_element_map[row] for row in selected_rows
                      if row in app_state.tree_element_map]
     fill_component_popup(tree_comp_context_menu, comp_element, selection)
+    if _has_reorderable_children(comp_element):
+        # After Rename..., with the other entries that change the component itself.
+        rename_index = tree_comp_context_menu.index("Rename...")
+        tree_comp_context_menu.insert_command(
+            rename_index + 1, label="Reorder...",
+            command=lambda: open_reorder_dialog(current_element(comp_element)))
     tree_comp_context_menu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)
 
 
@@ -1370,6 +1552,15 @@ def on_canvas_click(event):
         _toggle_canvas_box(group_tag)
         return
 
+    # Pressing one of several selected boxes keeps them all selected, so a drag moves
+    # them together; a press that never moves narrows the selection to it on release.
+    keep_group = (group_tag and not wire_tag and group_tag in app_state.selected_canvas_tags
+                  and len(app_state.selected_canvas_tags) > 1)
+    app_state.drag_data["group"] = []
+    app_state.drag_data["moved"] = False
+    app_state.drag_data["collapse_to"] = group_tag if keep_group else None
+
+    if not keep_group:
         select_canvas_boxes([])
     if wire_tag:
         wiresheet.select_link(wire_tag)
@@ -1379,20 +1570,26 @@ def on_canvas_click(event):
         app_state.drag_data["tag"] = group_tag
         app_state.drag_data["x"] = cx
         app_state.drag_data["y"] = cy
+        if keep_group:
+            # Del and the menus still act on the box pressed last.
+            app_state.selected_canvas_tag = group_tag
+        else:
             select_canvas_boxes([group_tag])
 
-        # Where the box starts out. The drag is measured as an offset from this pair
+        # Where each moving box starts out. The drag is measured as an offset from these
         # rather than accumulated per motion event, so repeated snapping cannot drift.
-        origin = wiresheet.get_box_origin(group_tag)
-        app_state.drag_data["box_x"] = origin[0] if origin else None
-        app_state.drag_data["box_y"] = origin[1] if origin else None
-
-        # Snapshot the pre-drag meta so the move can be pushed as one undoable step.
-        dragged = app_state.canvas_comp_map.get(group_tag)
-        meta_prop = dragged.find("prop[@name='meta']") if dragged is not None else None
-        app_state.drag_data["meta_before"] = meta_prop.get("val") if meta_prop is not None else None
-
-        # Bring the clicked box clear of any neighbour it happens to sit under.
+        # Each entry also snapshots the pre-drag meta, so the move is one undoable step.
+        moving = list(app_state.selected_canvas_tags) if keep_group else [group_tag]
+        for tag in moving:
+            origin = wiresheet.get_box_origin(tag)
+            comp = app_state.canvas_comp_map.get(tag)
+            meta_prop = comp.find("prop[@name='meta']") if comp is not None else None
+            app_state.drag_data["group"].append({
+                "tag": tag, "origin": origin,
+                "meta_before": meta_prop.get("val") if meta_prop is not None else None,
+            })
+            # Bring the moving boxes clear of any neighbour they happen to sit under.
+            canvas.tag_raise(tag)
         canvas.tag_raise(group_tag)
         wiresheet.redraw_links()
 
@@ -1676,6 +1873,128 @@ def open_rename_dialog(comp):
     entry.select_range(0, tk.END)
 
 
+def _child_display_names(parent, children):
+    """Names for a reorder list. On a device a child not yet read is a "..." row, so
+    its name is read from the device rather than shown as dots."""
+    names = [child.get("name", "?") for child in children]
+    if not (app_state.live_mode and "..." in names):
+        return names
+    ds = app_state.device_session
+    try:
+        ds.load_children(int(parent.get("id")))
+    except Exception:
+        return names
+    for i, child in enumerate(children):
+        if names[i] == "...":
+            cached = ds.sox_client.cache_get(int(child.get("id", -1)))
+            if cached is not None:
+                names[i] = cached.name
+    return names
+
+
+def open_reorder_dialog(parent):
+    """Lists a component's children to move up and down; OK applies the new order."""
+    window = app_state.window
+    original = [child for child in parent if child.tag == "comp"]
+    if len(original) < 2:
+        return
+    names = dict(zip(map(id, original), _child_display_names(parent, original)))
+    order = list(original)
+
+    dialog = tk.Toplevel(window)
+    dialog.title(f"Reorder {parent.get('name', 'app')}")
+    dialog.transient(window)
+    dialog.grab_set()
+    dialog.geometry(f"+{window.winfo_x() + 100}+{window.winfo_y() + 60}")
+
+    main_frame = tk.Frame(dialog, padx=10, pady=10)
+    main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
+    main_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+    main_frame.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
+
+    list_frame = tk.Frame(main_frame)
+    list_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
+    listbox = tk.Listbox(list_frame, width=28, height=min(max(len(order), 10), 20),
+                         exportselection=False, activestyle="none")
+    scrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(list_frame, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=listbox.yview)
+    listbox.configure(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
+    listbox.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
+    scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
+
+    side = tk.Frame(main_frame, padx=10)
+    side.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="n")
+    up_button = ttk.Button(side, text="Move Up", width=14)
+    up_button.pack(fill=tk.X)
+    down_button = ttk.Button(side, text="Move Down", width=14)
+    down_button.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(6, 0))
+    reset_button = ttk.Button(side, text="Reset", width=14)
+    reset_button.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(40, 0))
+
+    btn_frame = tk.Frame(main_frame)
+    btn_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=(10, 0))
+    ok_button = ttk.Button(btn_frame, text="OK", width=10)
+    ok_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
+    ttk.Button(btn_frame, text="Cancel", width=10,
+               command=dialog.destroy).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
+
+    def selected_index():
+        sel = listbox.curselection()
+        return sel[0] if sel else None
+
+    def update_buttons(*_):
+        index = selected_index()
+        up_button.state(["!disabled"] if index not in (None, 0) else ["disabled"])
+        down_button.state(["!disabled"] if index not in (None, len(order) - 1)
+                          else ["disabled"])
+        reset_button.state(["!disabled"] if order != original else ["disabled"])
+
+    def fill(select=None):
+        listbox.delete(0, tk.END)
+        for child in order:
+            listbox.insert(tk.END, names[id(child)])
+        if select is not None:
+            listbox.selection_set(select)
+            listbox.activate(select)
+            listbox.see(select)
+        update_buttons()
+
+    def move(step):
+        index = selected_index()
+        if index is None or not 0 <= index + step < len(order):
+            return
+        order[index], order[index + step] = order[index + step], order[index]
+        fill(index + step)
+
+    def reset():
+        # Back to the order the dialog opened with, keeping the same row selected.
+        index = selected_index()
+        picked = order[index] if index is not None else None
+        order[:] = original
+        fill(order.index(picked) if picked is not None else None)
+
+    def on_ok(*_):
+        dialog.destroy()
+        if sax_file.reorder_children(parent, order):
+            refresh_all_views()
+
+    up_button.configure(command=lambda: move(-1))
+    down_button.configure(command=lambda: move(1))
+    reset_button.configure(command=reset)
+    ok_button.configure(command=on_ok)
+    listbox.bind("<<ListboxSelect>>", update_buttons)
+    dialog.bind("<Alt-Up>", lambda _: move(-1))
+    dialog.bind("<Alt-Down>", lambda _: move(1))
+    dialog.bind("<Return>", on_ok)
+    dialog.bind("<Escape>", lambda _: dialog.destroy())
+
+    fill(0)
+    listbox.focus_set()
+
+
+def _has_reorderable_children(element):
+    return sum(1 for child in element if child.tag == "comp") >= 2
+
+
 def fill_component_popup(menu, comp, selection=None):
     """Fills a popup with the actions that apply to one component.
 
@@ -1787,18 +2106,17 @@ def on_canvas_drag(event):
         return
 
     canvas = app_state.canvas
-    group_tag = app_state.drag_data["tag"]
     cx = canvas.canvasx(event.x)
     cy = canvas.canvasy(event.y)
+    group = app_state.drag_data.get("group") or []
 
-    box_x = app_state.drag_data.get("box_x")
-    origin = wiresheet.get_box_origin(group_tag)
-
-    if box_x is None or origin is None:
-        # Nothing to align against, so the box just follows the pointer one to one.
-        canvas.move(group_tag, cx - app_state.drag_data["x"], cy - app_state.drag_data["y"])
+    if not group or any(entry["origin"] is None for entry in group):
+        # Nothing to align against, so the boxes just follow the pointer one to one.
+        for tag in [entry["tag"] for entry in group] or [app_state.drag_data["tag"]]:
+            canvas.move(tag, cx - app_state.drag_data["x"], cy - app_state.drag_data["y"])
         app_state.drag_data["x"] = cx
         app_state.drag_data["y"] = cy
+        app_state.drag_data["moved"] = True
         wiresheet.redraw_links()
         return
 
@@ -1807,39 +2125,72 @@ def on_canvas_drag(event):
     # Canvas coordinates carry the sheet's zoom, so the step and the margin do too.
     step = app_state.meta_scale * app_state.zoom
     margin = wiresheet.layout_margin(app_state.meta_scale) * app_state.zoom
+    # A box's corner also stays on the sheet, the furthest meta can store it.
+    limit = wiresheet.META_COORD_MAX * step
 
-    # Follow the pointer, but land the box on a step every step of the way, and keep it
-    # out of the margin strip along the top and left canvas edges.
-    wanted_x = box_x + (cx - app_state.drag_data["x"])
-    wanted_y = app_state.drag_data["box_y"] + (cy - app_state.drag_data["y"])
-    target_x = max(margin, round(wanted_x / step) * step)
-    target_y = max(margin, round(wanted_y / step) * step)
+    # Follow the pointer, but keep every moving box out of the margin strip along the
+    # top and left canvas edges and on the sheet -- the whole group stops together, so
+    # the boxes keep their places relative to one another.
+    dx = cx - app_state.drag_data["x"]
+    dy = cy - app_state.drag_data["y"]
+    xs = [entry["origin"][0] for entry in group]
+    ys = [entry["origin"][1] for entry in group]
+    # A box with an off-sheet input stops a step further in, keeping its knob on the sheet.
+    left = wiresheet.box_left_limits([entry["tag"] for entry in group], margin, step)
+    dx = min(limit - max(xs),
+             max(max(left[e["tag"]] - e["origin"][0] for e in group), dx))
+    dy = min(limit - max(ys), max(margin - min(ys), dy))
 
+    shifted = False
+    for entry in group:
+        # Land each box on a step every step of the way.
+        start_x, start_y = entry["origin"]
+        target_x = min(limit, max(left[entry["tag"]], round((start_x + dx) / step) * step))
+        target_y = min(limit, max(margin, round((start_y + dy) / step) * step))
+        origin = wiresheet.get_box_origin(entry["tag"])
+        if origin is None:
+            continue
         shift_x = target_x - origin[0]
         shift_y = target_y - origin[1]
-
         if shift_x or shift_y:
-        canvas.move(group_tag, shift_x, shift_y)
-        # Wires are not part of the dragged group, so they are re-routed against the
+            canvas.move(entry["tag"], shift_x, shift_y)
+            shifted = True
+
+    if shifted:
+        app_state.drag_data["moved"] = True
+        # Wires are not part of the dragged groups, so they are re-routed against the
         # new positions.
         wiresheet.redraw_links()
 
 
 def on_canvas_release(event):
+    collapse_to = app_state.drag_data.pop("collapse_to", None)
+    if collapse_to and not app_state.drag_data.get("moved"):
+        # A click that never moved on one of several selected boxes picks it alone.
+        select_canvas_boxes([collapse_to])
+
     if not app_state.drag_data["tag"]:
         return
 
     canvas = app_state.canvas
     step = app_state.meta_scale * app_state.zoom
-    group_tag = app_state.drag_data["tag"]
-    origin = wiresheet.get_box_origin(group_tag)
+    margin = wiresheet.layout_margin(app_state.meta_scale) * app_state.zoom
+    limit = wiresheet.META_COORD_MAX * step
+    group = app_state.drag_data.get("group") or [
+        {"tag": app_state.drag_data["tag"], "meta_before": None}]
 
-    if origin is not None:
+    changes = []
+    failed = []
+    left = wiresheet.box_left_limits([entry["tag"] for entry in group], margin, step)
+    for entry in group:
+        group_tag = entry["tag"]
+        origin = wiresheet.get_box_origin(group_tag)
+        if origin is None:
+            continue
         current_x, current_y = origin
 
-        margin = wiresheet.layout_margin(app_state.meta_scale) * app_state.zoom
-        snapped_x = max(margin, round(current_x / step) * step)
-        snapped_y = max(margin, round(current_y / step) * step)
+        snapped_x = min(limit, max(left[group_tag], round(current_x / step) * step))
+        snapped_y = min(limit, max(margin, round(current_y / step) * step))
 
         shift_x = snapped_x - current_x
         shift_y = snapped_y - current_y
@@ -1852,15 +2203,17 @@ def on_canvas_release(event):
         raw_y = min(wiresheet.META_COORD_MAX, int(round(snapped_y / step)))
 
         comp_element = app_state.canvas_comp_map.get(group_tag)
-        if comp_element is not None:
+        if comp_element is None:
+            continue
         meta_str = None
         orig_prop = comp_element.find("prop[@name='meta']")
         if orig_prop is not None:
             meta_str = orig_prop.get("val")
 
         orig_x, orig_y, _, _, _, _, _, _ = read_meta_property(meta_str)
-            if orig_x != raw_x or orig_y != raw_y:
-                meta_before = app_state.drag_data.get("meta_before", meta_str)
+        if orig_x == raw_x and orig_y == raw_y:
+            continue
+        meta_before = entry.get("meta_before") or meta_str
         update_meta_property(comp_element, meta_str, raw_x, raw_y)
         if app_state.live_mode:
             new_meta = comp_element.find("prop[@name='meta']")
@@ -1871,24 +2224,72 @@ def on_canvas_release(event):
                     remove_prop(comp_element, "meta")
                 else:
                     set_prop_value(comp_element, "meta", meta_str)
-                        app_state.drag_data["tag"] = None
-                        wiresheet.render_current_sheet()
-                        live_hooks.warn_failure(
-                            "Move", f"{comp_element.get('name', 'The component')} was not "
-                            "moved on the device")
-                        return
-                command_class = (undo.LiveMetaMoveCommand if app_state.live_mode
-                                 else undo.MetaMoveCommand)
-                undo.push(command_class(
-                    [(comp_element, meta_before, raw_x, raw_y)],
-                    label=f"move {comp_element.get('name', 'component')}"
-                ))
-                app_state.mark_dirty()
+                failed.append(comp_element.get("name", "?"))
+                continue
+        changes.append((comp_element, meta_before, raw_x, raw_y))
 
     app_state.drag_data["tag"] = None
+    app_state.drag_data["group"] = []
+
+    if changes:
+        command_class = (undo.LiveMetaMoveCommand if app_state.live_mode
+                         else undo.MetaMoveCommand)
+        label = (f"move {changes[0][0].get('name', 'component')}" if len(changes) == 1
+                 else f"move {len(changes)} components")
+        undo.push(command_class(changes, label=label))
+        app_state.mark_dirty()
+
+    if failed:
+        wiresheet.render_current_sheet()
+        live_hooks.warn_failure("Move", f"{', '.join(failed)} not moved on the device")
+        return
+
     wiresheet.redraw_links()
 
 
+def nudge_selected_boxes(dx, dy):
+    """Arrow keys: moves every selected box one meta step, as one undoable move."""
+    canvas = app_state.canvas
+    tags = [t for t in app_state.selected_canvas_tags if t in app_state.canvas_comp_map]
+    if not tags or app_state.drag_data.get("tag"):
+        return "break"
+    step = app_state.meta_scale * app_state.zoom
+    margin = wiresheet.layout_margin(app_state.meta_scale) * app_state.zoom
+    limit = wiresheet.META_COORD_MAX * step
+    origins = {t: wiresheet.get_box_origin(t) for t in tags}
+    if any(o is None for o in origins.values()):
+        return "break"
+    # The group stops as one at the margin strip and the sheet's far edge; a box with an
+    # off-sheet input stops a step further in, keeping its knob on the sheet.
+    left = wiresheet.box_left_limits(tags, margin, step)
+    shift_x = min(limit - max(o[0] for o in origins.values()),
+                  max(max(left[t] - o[0] for t, o in origins.items()), dx * step))
+    shift_y = min(limit - max(o[1] for o in origins.values()),
+                  max(margin - min(o[1] for o in origins.values()), dy * step))
+    if not shift_x and not shift_y:
+        return "break"
+
+    # Moved on the canvas, then written back exactly as a finished mouse drag is.
+    group = []
+    for tag in tags:
+        comp = app_state.canvas_comp_map[tag]
+        meta_prop = comp.find("prop[@name='meta']")
+        group.append({"tag": tag, "origin": origins[tag],
+                      "meta_before": meta_prop.get("val") if meta_prop is not None else None})
+        canvas.move(tag, shift_x, shift_y)
+    app_state.drag_data.update(tag=tags[0], group=group, moved=True, collapse_to=None)
+    pressed_last = app_state.selected_canvas_tag
+    on_canvas_release(None)
+    # The same boxes stay selected, and the sheet keeps the keyboard, so the next
+    # arrow press moves them again.
+    still_here = [t for t in tags if t in app_state.canvas_comp_map and t != pressed_last]
+    if pressed_last in app_state.canvas_comp_map:
+        still_here.append(pressed_last)
+    select_canvas_boxes(still_here)
+    canvas.focus_set()
+    return "break"
+
+
 def fit_tree_column(tree):
     """Sizes a Treeview's tree column to its widest visible row.
 
@@ -2400,6 +2801,29 @@ def open_preferences_dialog():
     )
     chk_trace_dasp.grid(row=5, column=1, sticky="w", pady=(0, 15))
 
+    lbl_lazy = ttk.Label(frame_padded, text="Lazy loading on connect?", anchor="w")
+    lbl_lazy.grid(row=6, column=0, sticky="w", pady=(0, 15), padx=(0, 10))
+
+    # Off: the whole app is read from app.sab when connecting. Takes effect on the next.
+    var_lazy_loading = tk.BooleanVar(value=app_state.LAZY_LOADING)
+    chk_lazy_loading = ttk.Checkbutton(
+        frame_padded,
+        text="Yes",
+        variable=var_lazy_loading
+    )
+    chk_lazy_loading.grid(row=6, column=1, sticky="w", pady=(0, 15))
+
+    lbl_slot_numbers = ttk.Label(frame_padded, text="Slot numbers on wiresheet?", anchor="w")
+    lbl_slot_numbers.grid(row=7, column=0, sticky="w", pady=(0, 15), padx=(0, 10))
+
+    var_slot_numbers = tk.BooleanVar(value=app_state.SHOW_SLOT_NUMBERS)
+    chk_slot_numbers = ttk.Checkbutton(
+        frame_padded,
+        text="Yes",
+        variable=var_slot_numbers
+    )
+    chk_slot_numbers.grid(row=7, column=1, sticky="w", pady=(0, 15))
+
     def apply_preferences():
         try:
             val = int(entry_grid.get().strip())
@@ -2456,6 +2880,8 @@ def open_preferences_dialog():
             app_state.GRID_SIZE = val
             app_state.ADD_TIMESTAMP = var_timestamp.get()
             app_state.TRACE_DASP = var_trace_dasp.get()
+            app_state.LAZY_LOADING = var_lazy_loading.get()
+            app_state.SHOW_SLOT_NUMBERS = var_slot_numbers.get()
             app_state.SEDONA_HOME = entry_home.get().strip()
 
             app_state.save_preferences()
@@ -2474,7 +2900,7 @@ def open_preferences_dialog():
             messagebox.showerror("Invalid Input", message, parent=dialog)
 
     btn_save_pref = ttk.Button(frame_padded, text="Apply Changes", command=apply_preferences)
-    btn_save_pref.grid(row=6, column=1, sticky="e")
+    btn_save_pref.grid(row=8, column=1, sticky="e")
 
     if not app_state.SEDONA_HOME:
         entry_home.focus_set()
@@ -2652,8 +3078,10 @@ def _on_connected(ds, root_comp):
     app_state.window.title(app_state.base_window_title_live())
     menu_device.entryconfig("Disconnect", state="normal")
     menu_device.entryconfig("Download to SAX...", state="normal")
-    menu_app_info.entryconfig("Get with File...", state="normal")
-    app_state.set_status(f"Connected to {app_state.device_host}:{app_state.device_port}")
+    menu_app_info.entryconfig("Get with Files...", state="normal")
+    menu_app_info.entryconfig("Put with Files...", state="normal")
+    app_state.set_status(f"Connected to {app_state.device_host}:{app_state.device_port}"
+                         f" ({ds.seed_info})")
 
     sax_root = ds.build_dom_tree(root_comp)
     app_state.xml_root_element = sax_root
@@ -2696,8 +3124,9 @@ def _load_live_schema(ds):
             f"Missing kit manifests: {', '.join(missing)}", warn=True)
 
 
-def do_device_disconnect():
-    """Disconnects from the live device."""
+def do_device_disconnect(device_down=False):
+    """Disconnects from the live device. device_down: it was just told to restart (or
+    stop), so nothing is asked of it on the way out -- it would not answer."""
     global _cov_poll_id
 
     if _cov_poll_id is not None:
@@ -2706,7 +3135,7 @@ def do_device_disconnect():
 
     ds = app_state.device_session
     if ds is not None:
-        ds.disconnect()
+        ds.disconnect(unsubscribe=not device_down)
 
     app_state.device_session = None
     app_state.live_mode = False
@@ -2719,7 +3148,8 @@ def do_device_disconnect():
     menu_device.entryconfig("Discover...", state="normal")
     menu_device.entryconfig("Disconnect", state="disabled")
     menu_device.entryconfig("Download to SAX...", state="disabled")
-    menu_app_info.entryconfig("Get with File...", state="disabled")
+    menu_app_info.entryconfig("Get with Files...", state="disabled")
+    menu_app_info.entryconfig("Put with Files...", state="disabled")
     app_state.set_status("Disconnected")
 
     sax_file.reset_to_startup_state()
@@ -2795,6 +3225,14 @@ def _live_tree_expand(comp_id, tree_item_id, select=True, on_loaded=None):
     if ds is None or not ds.is_connected:
         return
 
+    # Every child already in the tree (app.sab gave the whole app, or it was opened
+    # before): nothing to load, and rebuilding the DOM would only cost the undo steps.
+    elem = app_state.tree_element_map.get(tree_item_id)
+    if elem is not None and all(c.get("name") != "..." for c in elem.findall("comp")):
+        if on_loaded is not None:
+            on_loaded(tree_item_id)
+        return
+
     app_state.set_status("Loading children...")
 
     def _bg():
@@ -2925,6 +3363,8 @@ SHORTCUTS = [
     ("9", do_zoom_fit),
     ("KP_9", do_zoom_fit),
     ("p", wiresheet.print_sheet),
+    ("a", select_all_boxes),
+    ("A", select_all_boxes),
 ]
 for key, handler in SHORTCUTS:
     window.bind_all(f"<Command-{key}>", handler)
@@ -3007,7 +3447,8 @@ menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Kits", menu=menu_kits)
 menu_app_info = tk.Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
 menu_app_info.add_command(label="App Info", command=show_app_info)
 menu_app_info.add_separator()
-menu_app_info.add_command(label="Get with File...", command=do_get_with_file, state="disabled")
+menu_app_info.add_command(label="Get with Files...", command=do_get_with_file, state="disabled")
+menu_app_info.add_command(label="Put with Files...", command=do_put_with_files, state="disabled")
 menu_bar.add_cascade(label="App", menu=menu_app_info)
 
 menu_prefs = tk.Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
@@ -3418,11 +3859,11 @@ canvas_hscroll.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X)
 
 canvas = tk.Canvas(
     frame_editor,
-    bg="white",
+    bg=app_state.OFF_SHEET_TINT,
     highlightthickness=0,
     xscrollcommand=canvas_hscroll.set,
     yscrollcommand=canvas_vscroll.set,
-    scrollregion=(0, 0, 2000, 2000),
+    scrollregion=(0, 0, *wiresheet.sheet_extent()),
 )
 app_state.canvas = canvas
 canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
@@ -3436,8 +3877,13 @@ canvas.bind("<Configure>", lambda e: wiresheet.draw_grid())
 # selects and moves boxes and a plain right click is the menu, as before.
 link_drag.install(canvas, on_canvas_right_click,
                   on_canvas_click, on_canvas_drag, on_canvas_release,
-                  link_dialog=open_link_dialog)
+                  link_dialog=open_link_dialog, select_boxes=select_canvas_boxes)
 canvas.bind("<ButtonPress-2>", on_canvas_right_click)
+# A click gives the sheet the keyboard, so the arrows nudge its selected boxes rather
+# than walking whatever tree or list last had focus.
+canvas.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", lambda e: canvas.focus_set(), add="+")
+for _key, _dx, _dy in (("Left", -1, 0), ("Right", 1, 0), ("Up", 0, -1), ("Down", 0, 1)):
+    canvas.bind(f"<{_key}>", lambda e, dx=_dx, dy=_dy: nudge_selected_boxes(dx, dy))
 canvas.bind("<Double-1>", on_canvas_double_click)
 
 # Wheel zoom. Windows and macOS report a delta; X11 sends button 4 and 5 instead.

palette.py

@@ -67,7 +67,12 @@ def kit_versions(kit_name):
         for entry in os.listdir(kit_dir):
             match = pattern.match(entry)
             if match:
-                versions[_norm_checksum(match.group(1))] = match.group(2)
+                # A checksum released more than once (ontrolPlatform 1.0.0 and 1.0.1)
+                # stands for its highest version, as the devices report it.
+                key, version = _norm_checksum(match.group(1)), match.group(2)
+                if (key not in versions or
+                        version_sort_key(version) > version_sort_key(versions[key])):
+                    versions[key] = version
 
     _versions_cache[kit_name] = versions
     return versions
@@ -269,7 +274,7 @@ def _platforms_db():
     return os.path.join(app_state.SEDONA_HOME, "platforms", "db")
 
 
-def _platform_native_kits():
+def _platform_native_kits(sax_names=None):
     """Return (matching, all_platforms) — two sets of kit names.
 
     *matching* is the union of nativeKit names from platform builds that include
@@ -278,8 +283,10 @@ def _platform_native_kits():
 
     A kit that appears in *all_platforms* but not in *matching* has native code
     compiled for a different device and cannot work with this SAX.
+
+    sax_names stands in for the open file's kits when given.
     """
-    sax_names = set(app_state.active_schema_kits.keys())
+    sax_names = set(app_state.active_schema_kits.keys() if sax_names is None else sax_names)
     db = _platforms_db()
     if not os.path.isdir(db):
         return None, None
@@ -335,8 +342,9 @@ def _platform_native_kits():
     return (matching if found else None), all_platforms
 
 
-def unsupported_kits():
-    """Kit names that cannot work with the open file's platform.
+def unsupported_kits(sax_names=None):
+    """Kit names that cannot work with the open file's platform -- or with the platform
+    of the kits in `sax_names`, when given.
 
     A kit is unsupported when:
     - it has native code (hasNatives or listed as nativeKit on some platform)
@@ -345,11 +353,12 @@ def unsupported_kits():
 
     Kits that depend on an unsupported kit are also flagged.
     """
-    sax_names = frozenset(app_state.active_schema_kits.keys())
+    sax_names = frozenset(app_state.active_schema_kits.keys() if sax_names is None
+                          else sax_names)
     if sax_names in _unsupported_cache:
         return _unsupported_cache[sax_names]
 
-    matching_natives, all_natives = _platform_native_kits()
+    matching_natives, all_natives = _platform_native_kits(sax_names)
     if matching_natives is None:
         _unsupported_cache[sax_names] = set()
         return set()

put_kits_dialog.py

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+"""The kits step of App > Put with Files, laid out as the Manage Kits panel is.
+
+The same groups (kits the app needs, kits declared without being used, kits available,
+kits not supported), the same tick column and the same Action cell: "Keep at",
+"Upgrade to", "Downgrade to", "Add at", "REMOVE". Installed is what the device runs;
+Backup is what the backup's app was saved with.
+
+What is ticked goes: into app.sab's schema and, when that is not the device's kits,
+into a kits.scode built for them (Ontrol's PutApp does the same). "Rebuild kits.scode"
+forces the build when nothing changed.
+"""
+
+import tkinter as tk
+from tkinter import messagebox, ttk
+
+import app_backup
+import manage_kits
+from manage_kits import NOT_DECLARED, SECTION_TAG, column_label, make_checkbox_image
+
+REMOVE_ACTION = "REMOVE from device"
+
+
+def _options(row):
+    """The Action choices for a row, as (label, checksum) pairs."""
+    if row.device:
+        return [(label, checksum or row.device) for label, checksum in
+                manage_kits.action_options(row.name, row.device, True, row.builds)]
+    return [(f"Add at {manage_kits.build_label(v, c)}", c) for v, c in row.builds]
+
+
+def _build_text(row, checksum):
+    if not checksum:
+        return NOT_DECLARED
+    version = next((v for v, c in row.builds if c == checksum), "")
+    return column_label(version, checksum)
+
+
+class _Dialog:
+    def __init__(self, parent, rows, title):
+        self.rows = rows
+        self.result = None
+        self.original = [(r.included, r.use) for r in rows]
+
+        self.top = top = tk.Toplevel(parent)
+        top.title(f"{title} - Kits")
+        top.transient(parent)
+        top.grab_set()
+        top.geometry(f"+{parent.winfo_x() + 60}+{parent.winfo_y() + 40}")
+        frame = ttk.Frame(top, padding=10)
+        frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
+
+        columns = ("name", "installed", "backup", "latest", "action")
+        table_frame = ttk.Frame(frame)
+        table_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
+        self.table = ttk.Treeview(table_frame, columns=columns, show="tree headings",
+                                  selectmode="browse", height=20)
+        self.table.heading("#0", text="")
+        self.table.column("#0", width=32, minwidth=32, stretch=False, anchor="center")
+        for column, heading, width in [("name", "Kit name", 190),
+                                       ("installed", "Installed", 105),
+                                       ("backup", "Backup", 105),
+                                       ("latest", "Latest", 105),
+                                       ("action", "Action", 215)]:
+            self.table.heading(column, text=heading, anchor="w")
+            self.table.column(column, width=width, minwidth=width, anchor="w", stretch=False)
+        vscroll = ttk.Scrollbar(table_frame, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=self.table.yview)
+        self.table.configure(yscrollcommand=vscroll.set)
+        vscroll.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
+        self.table.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
+        self.table.tag_configure(SECTION_TAG, background="#dcdcdc")
+
+        self.boxes = {(checked, enabled): make_checkbox_image(checked, enabled)
+                      for checked in (True, False) for enabled in (True, False)}
+        self.cross_box = make_checkbox_image(False, False, cross=True)
+
+        locked = any(r.locked for r in rows)
+        hint = ("The backup holds no app.sax, so its app goes with the kits it was saved "
+                "with." if locked else
+                "A tick means the kit goes to the device. Grey ticks are needed by the app "
+                "and cannot be removed; untick another to remove it, tick one to add it. "
+                "Click the Action cell to choose a build. Installed is the device's build. "
+                "Kits other than the device's mean a new kits.scode.")
+        ttk.Label(frame, text=hint, foreground="#666666", wraplength=780
+                  ).pack(anchor="w", pady=(8, 0))
+
+        self.rebuild = tk.BooleanVar(value=False)
+        self.rebuild_check = ttk.Checkbutton(frame, text="Rebuild kits.scode",
+                                             variable=self.rebuild)
+        self.rebuild_check.pack(anchor="w", pady=(6, 0))
+
+        button_row = ttk.Frame(frame)
+        button_row.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(10, 0))
+        upgrade = ttk.Button(button_row, text="Upgrade all kits to latest version",
+                             command=self._upgrade_all)
+        upgrade.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
+        if locked:
+            upgrade.state(["disabled"])
+        ttk.Button(button_row, text="Cancel", command=lambda: self._close(False)
+                   ).pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
+        ttk.Button(button_row, text="Next", command=lambda: self._close(True)
+                   ).pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=6)
+
+        self.row_by_item = {}
+        self._editor = None
+        self.table.bind("<Button-1>", self._on_click)
+        self.table.bind("<MouseWheel>", lambda _e: self._close_editor(), add="+")
+        top.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", lambda: self._close(False))
+        self._rebuild_table()
+
+    # --- the table ---
+
+    def _action_text(self, row):
+        if row.unsupported:
+            return "Not supported"
+        if not row.included:
+            return REMOVE_ACTION if row.device else NOT_DECLARED
+        return next((label for label, c in _options(row) if c == row.use),
+                    _build_text(row, row.use))
+
+    def _values(self, row):
+        latest = row.builds[0] if row.builds else None
+        return (row.name, _build_text(row, row.device), _build_text(row, row.backup),
+                column_label(*latest) if latest else NOT_DECLARED, self._action_text(row))
+
+    def _image(self, row):
+        if row.unsupported:
+            return self.cross_box
+        return self.boxes[(row.included, not (row.required or row.locked))]
+
+    def _rebuild_table(self):
+        self._close_editor()
+        top = self.table.yview()[0]
+        self.table.delete(*self.table.get_children())
+        self.row_by_item.clear()
+        for title in app_backup.KIT_GROUPS:
+            members = [r for r in self.rows if app_backup.group(r) == title]
+            if not members:
+                continue
+            self.table.insert("", "end", values=(title, "", "", "", ""), tags=(SECTION_TAG,))
+            for row in members:
+                item = self.table.insert("", "end", image=self._image(row),
+                                         values=self._values(row))
+                self.row_by_item[item] = row
+        self.table.yview_moveto(top)
+
+        # Kits other than the device's cannot run on its kits.scode.
+        changed = any(app_backup.kit_change(r) for r in self.rows)
+        if changed:
+            self.rebuild.set(True)
+            self.rebuild_check.state(["disabled"])
+        else:
+            self.rebuild_check.state(["!disabled"])
+
+    def _changed(self):
+        app_backup.settle_required(self.rows)
+        self._rebuild_table()
+
+    # --- editing ---
+
+    def _close_editor(self):
+        if self._editor is not None:
+            self._editor.destroy()
+            self._editor = None
+
+    def _on_click(self, event):
+        self._close_editor()
+        if self.table.identify_region(event.x, event.y) not in ("tree", "cell"):
+            return
+        item = self.table.identify_row(event.y)
+        row = self.row_by_item.get(item)
+        if row is None or row.locked or row.unsupported:
+            return
+        column = self.table.identify_column(event.x)
+        if column == "#0":
+            self._toggle(row)
+        elif column == "#5":
+            self._edit_action(item, row)
+
+    def _toggle(self, row):
+        if row.required:
+            return
+        if not row.included and not row.builds:
+            messagebox.showwarning("Put with Files", f"Sedona home holds no build of "
+                                   f"'{row.name}' to add it at.", parent=self.top)
+            return
+        row.included = not row.included
+        if row.included and not row.use:
+            row.use = row.latest
+        self._changed()
+
+    def _edit_action(self, item, row):
+        options = _options(row)
+        if not options:
+            return
+        cell = self.table.bbox(item, "action")
+        if not cell:
+            return
+        labels = [label for label, _ in options]
+        variable = tk.StringVar(value=self._action_text(row))
+        combo = ttk.Combobox(self.table, textvariable=variable, values=labels,
+                             state="readonly")
+        combo.place(x=cell[0], y=cell[1], width=cell[2], height=cell[3])
+        self._editor = combo
+
+        def commit(_event=None):
+            if variable.get() in labels:
+                row.use = options[labels.index(variable.get())][1]
+                row.included = True
+            self._close_editor()
+            self._changed()
+
+        combo.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", commit)
+        combo.bind("<Escape>", lambda _e: self._close_editor())
+        combo.focus_set()
+        combo.after_idle(lambda: combo.event_generate("<Down>"))
+
+    def _upgrade_all(self):
+        for row in self.rows:
+            if row.included and row.latest and not row.locked:
+                row.use = row.latest
+        self._changed()
+
+    def _close(self, ok):
+        self._close_editor()
+        if ok:
+            self.result = bool(self.rebuild.get())
+        else:
+            for row, (included, use) in zip(self.rows, self.original):
+                row.included, row.use = included, use
+            app_backup.settle_required(self.rows)
+        self.top.grab_release()
+        self.top.destroy()
+
+
+def ask(parent, rows, title="Put with Files"):
+    """Shows the kits step; returns whether to rebuild kits.scode, or None when cancelled.
+
+    The rows are updated in place with what was chosen.
+    """
+    dialog = _Dialog(parent, rows, title)
+    dialog.top.wait_window()
+    return dialog.result

sab_app.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-"""Reads a device's app.sab and writes it back out as app.sax.
+"""Reads a device's app.sab and writes it back out as app.sax, and encodes an app.sax
+into app.sab (encode_sax).
 
 Ported from Py_sab2sax (sax.py/sab.py), itself a port of sedona.offline.OfflineApp
 (decodeAppBinary + encodeAppXml); its output matches `sedonac app.sab` byte for byte,
@@ -79,6 +80,9 @@ def _resolve_slots(qname, types_by_q, cache):
     """The type's slots, base chain first, indexed by slot id."""
     if qname in cache:
         return cache[qname]
+    if qname not in types_by_q:
+        raise SabError(f"type {qname} is not in the app's kits -- a kit build that "
+                       f"needs kit '{qname.split('::')[0]}', which the app does not list?")
     t = types_by_q[qname]
     base = t.get("base")
     out = list(_resolve_slots(base, types_by_q, cache)) if base else []
@@ -408,3 +412,218 @@ def _path_of(c):
         parts.append(c["name"])
         c = c["parent"]
     return "/" + "/".join(reversed(parts)) if parts else "/"
+
+
+# --- encoding app.sax to app.sab ------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Ported from Py_sab2sax's sab.py (sedona.offline.OfflineApp decodeAppXml +
+# encodeAppBinary), with the value parsing brought in line with the Java Value classes:
+# asStr text is unescaped as TextUtil.fromLiteral does, "nullbool"/"nullfloat" are
+# read, and integers take Integer.decode's '#' hex and leading-zero octal.
+
+def _decode_int(raw):
+    """Integer.decode."""
+    if raw in (None, "", "null"):
+        return 0
+    s = raw.strip()
+    neg = s.startswith("-")
+    if s[:1] in "+-":
+        s = s[1:]
+    if s[:2].lower() == "0x":
+        v = int(s[2:], 16)
+    elif s.startswith("#"):
+        v = int(s[1:], 16)
+    elif len(s) > 1 and s.startswith("0"):
+        v = int(s[1:], 8)
+    else:
+        v = int(s)
+    return -v if neg else v
+
+
+def _from_literal(s):
+    """TextUtil.fromLiteral."""
+    if "\\" not in s:
+        return s
+    escapes = {"0": "\0", "n": "\n", "r": "\r", "t": "\t", "\\": "\\", '"': '"', "$": "$"}
+    out, i = [], 0
+    while i < len(s):
+        c = s[i]
+        if c == "\\":
+            i += 1
+            if i >= len(s) or s[i] not in escapes:
+                raise SabError(f"unknown escape sequence in {s!r}")
+            c = escapes[s[i]]
+        out.append(c)
+        i += 1
+    return "".join(out)
+
+
+class _Writer:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.b = bytearray()
+
+    def u1(self, v): self.b.append(v & 0xFF)
+    def u2(self, v): self.b += struct.pack(">H", v & 0xFFFF)
+    def i4(self, v): self.b += struct.pack(">i", ((v + 2**31) % 2**32) - 2**31)
+    def i8(self, v): self.b += struct.pack(">q", v)
+    def f4(self, v): self.b += struct.pack(">f", _to_f32(v))
+    def f8(self, v): self.b += struct.pack(">d", v)
+
+    def str_(self, s):
+        self.b += s.encode("ascii")
+        self.u1(0)
+
+
+def _encode_value(out, slot, raw):
+    """One config prop, from its sax text (or the manifest default when absent)."""
+    vtype, flags = slot.type, slot.flags
+    if "s" in flags:                                   # asStr Buf: u2 len (incl NUL)
+        data = _from_literal(raw or "").encode("ascii")
+        out.u2(len(data) + 1)
+        out.b += data
+        out.u1(0)
+    elif vtype == "bool":
+        if raw in ("null", "nullbool"):
+            out.u1(2)
+        elif raw in (None, "", "false", "true"):
+            out.u1(1 if raw == "true" else 0)
+        else:
+            raise SabError(f"invalid bool {raw!r}")
+    elif vtype == "byte":
+        out.u1(_decode_int(raw))
+    elif vtype == "short":
+        out.u2(_decode_int(raw))
+    elif vtype == "int":
+        out.i4(_decode_int(raw))
+    elif vtype == "long":
+        out.i8(_decode_int(raw))
+    elif vtype in ("float", "double"):
+        v = float("nan") if raw in ("null", "nullfloat", "nulldouble") else _flt(raw)
+        (out.f4 if vtype == "float" else out.f8)(v)
+    elif vtype in ("sys::Buf", "buf"):
+        data = base64.b64decode(raw) if raw else b""
+        out.u2(len(data))
+        out.b += data
+    else:
+        raise SabError(f"unhandled slot type {vtype}")
+
+
+def encode_sax(sax, checksums=None, kits=None):
+    """app.sax (text or bytes) -> app.sab bytes, as `sedonac app.sax` writes it.
+
+    checksums, {kit name: checksum hex}, stands in for the sax's own -- how an app goes
+    to a device whose kits are other builds than the ones it was saved with. kits,
+    [(name, checksum hex)], replaces the schema altogether, as Ontrol's PutApp rewrites
+    it for the kits chosen to put. Every kit's manifest must be in Sedona home under
+    the checksum used.
+    """
+    root = ET.fromstring(sax)
+    schema_elem, app_elem = root.find("schema"), root.find("app")
+    if schema_elem is None or app_elem is None:
+        raise SabError("not a Sedona app: no <schema> or <app>")
+    if kits is None:
+        kits = [(k.get("name"), (checksums or {}).get(k.get("name")) or k.get("checksum"))
+                for k in schema_elem.findall("kit")]
+    parts = []
+    for name, cks in kits:
+        if not cks:
+            raise SabError(f"no checksum for kit '{name}'")
+        parts.append((name, f"{int(cks, 16):08x}"))
+    parts.sort(key=lambda p: ("" if p[0] == "sys" else "\x01" + p[0]))   # sortKits
+    for name, cks in parts:
+        path = schema.find_manifest_path(name, cks)
+        if path is None or not path.endswith(f"-{cks}.xml"):
+            raise SabError(f"no manifest for kit '{name}' {cks} in Sedona home")
+    kits, types_by_q = _load_kits(parts)
+    type_ids = {}
+    for ki, ((kname, _), tlist) in enumerate(zip(parts, kits)):
+        for t in tlist:
+            type_ids[f"{kname}::{t.get('name')}"] = (ki, int(t.get("id")))
+    cache = {}
+
+    comps = []
+
+    def walk(elem, qtype, parent):
+        if qtype not in type_ids:
+            raise SabError(f"unknown type '{qtype}' ({elem.get('name')})")
+        c = {"elem": elem, "type": qtype, "parent": parent, "kids": [],
+             "id": int(elem.get("id")) if elem.get("id") else None}
+        comps.append(c)
+        if parent is not None:
+            parent["kids"].append(c)
+        for kid in elem.findall("comp"):
+            walk(kid, kid.get("type"), c)
+        return c
+
+    app = walk(app_elem, "sys::App", None)
+    app["id"] = 0
+    used = {c["id"] for c in comps if c["id"] is not None}
+    next_id = 1
+    for c in comps:                                 # ids for comps the sax gives none
+        if c["id"] is None:
+            while next_id in used:
+                next_id += 1
+            c["id"] = next_id
+            used.add(next_id)
+    by_id = {}
+    for c in comps:
+        if c["id"] in by_id:
+            raise SabError(f"duplicate id: {c['id']}")
+        by_id[c["id"]] = c
+
+    out = _Writer()
+    out.i4(0x73617070)                              # "sapp"
+    out.i4(0x0003)                                  # version 0.3
+    out.u1(len(parts))
+    for name, cks in parts:
+        out.str_(name)
+        out.i4(int(cks, 16))
+    out.u2(max(by_id))
+
+    for cid in sorted(by_id):
+        c = by_id[cid]
+        ki, ti = type_ids[c["type"]]
+        out.u2(cid)
+        out.u1(ki)
+        out.u1(ti)
+        out.str_(c["elem"].get("name", "app") if cid else "app")
+        out.u2(c["parent"]["id"] if c["parent"] else 0xFFFF)
+        out.u2(c["kids"][0]["id"] if c["kids"] else 0xFFFF)
+        sibling = 0xFFFF
+        if c["parent"]:
+            kids = c["parent"]["kids"]
+            i = kids.index(c)
+            if i + 1 < len(kids):
+                sibling = kids[i + 1]["id"]
+        out.u2(sibling)
+        props = {p.get("name"): p.get("val") for p in c["elem"].findall("prop")}
+        for slot in _resolve_slots(c["type"], types_by_q, cache):
+            if "a" in slot.flags or "c" not in slot.flags:
+                continue                            # config props only
+            _encode_value(out, slot, props.get(slot.name, slot.default))
+        out.u1(ord(";"))
+    out.u2(0xFFFF)
+
+    def ref(text):
+        path, slot_name = text.rsplit(".", 1)
+        cur = app
+        for part in (p for p in path.split("/") if p):
+            cur = next((k for k in cur["kids"] if k["elem"].get("name") == part), None)
+            if cur is None:
+                raise SabError(f"link to a missing component: {text}")
+        names = [s.name for s in _resolve_slots(cur["type"], types_by_q, cache)]
+        if slot_name not in names:
+            raise SabError(f"link to a missing slot: {text}")
+        return cur["id"], names.index(slot_name)
+
+    links = root.find("links")
+    for link in (links.findall("link") if links is not None else ()):
+        fc, fs = ref(link.get("from"))
+        tc, ts = ref(link.get("to"))
+        out.u2(fc)
+        out.u1(fs)
+        out.u2(tc)
+        out.u1(ts)
+    out.u2(0xFFFF)
+    out.u1(ord("."))
+    return bytes(out.b)

sax_file.py

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def reset_to_startup_state():
 
     if app_state.canvas is not None:
         app_state.canvas.delete("all")
-        wiresheet.draw_grid()
+        wiresheet.fit_sheet_region()
 
     if app_state.window is not None:
         app_state.window.title(app_state.base_window_title())
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def open_file():
         for item in tree.get_children():
             tree.delete(item)
         canvas.delete("all")
-        wiresheet.draw_grid()
+        wiresheet.fit_sheet_region()
 
         xml_tree = ET.parse(file_path)
         app_state.xml_root_element = xml_tree.getroot()
@@ -483,6 +483,43 @@ def rename_component(comp_element, new_name):
     return True
 
 
+def reorder_children(parent, new_order):
+    """Gives `parent`'s child components a new order, which is the order they run in.
+
+    Returns True when the order changed. On a device the new order goes there first,
+    and the file is left alone if it does not.
+    """
+    root = app_state.xml_root_element
+    if root is None:
+        return False
+    old_order = [child for child in parent if child.tag == "comp"]
+    new_order = list(new_order)
+    if new_order == old_order:
+        return False
+    if (len(new_order) != len(old_order)
+            or {id(c) for c in new_order} != {id(c) for c in old_order}):
+        return False
+
+    name = parent.get("name", "app")
+    if app_state.live_mode:
+        if not live_hooks.live_reorder_children(parent, new_order):
+            live_hooks.warn_failure("Reorder", f"{name} was not reordered on the device")
+            return False
+
+    undo.apply_child_order(parent, new_order)
+    command_class = (undo.LiveReorderChildrenCommand if app_state.live_mode
+                     else undo.ReorderChildrenCommand)
+    undo.push(command_class(parent, old_order, new_order, label=f"reorder {name}"))
+
+    app_state.mark_dirty()
+    refresh_treeview_from_dom(root)
+    wiresheet.render_current_sheet()
+
+    where = " on the device" if app_state.live_mode else ""
+    app_state.set_status(f"{name} reordered{where}.")
+    return True
+
+
 def allocate_component_id():
     """Lowest unused id, matching how this app's ids are dense with no gaps."""
     used = set()

schema.py

@@ -353,9 +353,11 @@ def get_slots_for_type(type_str, linked_slots=()):
             if "c" in slot_data["flags"]:
                 continue
 
-        # Format to double digits (e.g., 00, 01, 02)
-        padded_id = f"{slot_data['slot_id']:02d}"
-        display_label = f"{padded_id}. {slot_name}"
+        # Format to double digits (e.g., 00, 01, 02), unless turned off in Preferences
+        if app_state.SHOW_SLOT_NUMBERS:
+            display_label = f"{slot_data['slot_id']:02d}. {slot_name}"
+        else:
+            display_label = slot_name
 
         # Keep structural name unchanged for XML lookup inside comp, but pass display label
         slots_list.append((slot_name, display_label))

sox.py

@@ -134,7 +134,9 @@ class SoxMsg:
 
     def write_i4(self, v):
         self._grow(4)
-        struct.pack_into(">i", self._buf, self._pos, v)
+        # Wrapped to signed: meta packs x into the top byte, so x >= 128 reads as an
+        # unsigned 32-bit value although the device stores the same bits as sys::int.
+        struct.pack_into(">i", self._buf, self._pos, ((v + 2**31) % 2**32) - 2**31)
         self._pos += 4
 
     def write_i8(self, v):
@@ -384,7 +386,7 @@ class SoxClient:
         # file transfer: one at a time; its chunks arrive unasked, so the receiver
         # hands them to whichever transfer is open
         self._xfer_lock = threading.Lock()
-        self._xfer = None           # _FileGet while a get is open
+        self._xfer = None           # _FileGet or _FilePut while a transfer is open
 
     # ── Connect / Disconnect ────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -667,13 +669,13 @@ class SoxClient:
 
     # ── Invoke Action ───────────────────────────────────────────
 
-    def invoke(self, comp_id, slot_id, type_id=None, arg=None):
+    def invoke(self, comp_id, slot_id, type_id=None, arg=None, timeout=30.0):
         req = _prepare_request(ord('i'))
         req.write_u2(comp_id)
         req.write_u1(slot_id)
         if arg is not None and type_id is not None:
             encode_value(req, type_id, arg)
-        res = self.request(req)
+        res = self.request(req, timeout)
         res.check_response('I')
 
     # ── Add Component ───────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -989,19 +991,90 @@ class SoxClient:
                 progress(file_size, file_size)
             return bytes(data)
 
+    def put_file(self, uri, data, progress=None):
+        """Writes `data` to the device as `uri`.
+
+        Ported from FileTransfer.putFile, as Ontrol's BSoxFilePut does it: an 'f'
+        request opens the transfer, the chunks go out as 'k' messages -- the DASP send
+        window paces them -- and the device answers the last with an unsolicited 'z'
+        once the file is closed. progress(done_bytes, total_bytes) is called from this
+        thread.
+        """
+        if self.is_closed:
+            raise SoxException("SoxClient closed")
+        with self._xfer_lock:
+            # 21, not FileTransfer's 18: room for Orion's message-length header too.
+            chunk_size = max(16, self._session.ideal_max - 21)
+            req = _prepare_request(ord('f'))
+            req.write_str("p")
+            req.write_str(uri)
+            req.write_i4(len(data))
+            req.write_u2(chunk_size)
+            req.write_u1(0)              # end of headers
+
+            xfer = _FilePut()
+            self._xfer = xfer
+            opened = False
+            try:
+                res = self.request(req)
+                res.check_response('F')
+                opened = True
+                file_size = res.i4()
+                chunk_size = res.u2()
+                if file_size != len(data) or chunk_size <= 0:
+                    raise SoxException(
+                        f"The device opened {uri} for {file_size} bytes in chunks of "
+                        f"{chunk_size}; {len(data)} bytes were offered")
+                num_chunks = max(1, -(-file_size // chunk_size))
+                for num in range(num_chunks):
+                    if self.is_closed:
+                        raise SoxException(f"Session closed while writing {uri}")
+                    chunk = data[num * chunk_size:(num + 1) * chunk_size]
+                    msg = _prepare_request(ord('k'), 0)
+                    msg.write_u2(num)
+                    msg.write_u2(len(chunk))
+                    msg.write_bytes(chunk)
+                    self._session.send(msg.to_bytes())
+                    if progress:
+                        progress(min(file_size, (num + 1) * chunk_size), file_size)
+
+                timeout = getattr(self._session, "receive_timeout", 30.0) or 30.0
+                deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
+                while not xfer.closed.wait(0.5):
+                    if self.is_closed:
+                        raise SoxException(f"Session closed while writing {uri}")
+                    if time.monotonic() > deadline:
+                        raise SoxException(f"Timed out waiting for the device to close {uri}")
+                opened = False
+            finally:
+                self._xfer = None
+                # Left open, the transfer keeps the device answering "busy" to the next.
+                if opened and not self.is_closed:
+                    try:
+                        self.request(_prepare_request(ord('z')))
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+
+    def rename_file(self, from_uri, to_uri):
+        """Renames a file on the device ('b'), as SoxClient.renameFile."""
+        req = _prepare_request(ord('b'))
+        req.write_str(from_uri)
+        req.write_str(to_uri)
+        self.request(req).check_response('B')
+
     # ── Networking ──────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-    def request(self, req):
-        results = self.requests([req])
+    def request(self, req, timeout=30.0):
+        results = self.requests([req], timeout)
         return results[0]
 
-    def requests(self, reqs):
+    def requests(self, reqs, timeout=30.0):
         """Sends the batch and waits for every reply."""
         if self.is_closed:
             raise SoxException("SoxClient closed")
 
         if len(reqs) > 255:
-            return self._chunk_requests(reqs)
+            return self._chunk_requests(reqs, timeout)
 
         with self._lock:
             for i, req in enumerate(reqs):
@@ -1014,7 +1087,7 @@ class SoxClient:
             for req in reqs:
                 self._session.send(req.to_bytes())
 
-            deadline = time.monotonic() + 30.0
+            deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
             while True:
                 remaining = deadline - time.monotonic()
                 if remaining <= 0:
@@ -1036,11 +1109,11 @@ class SoxClient:
             self._responses = None
             raise SoxException("Request timeout")
 
-    def _chunk_requests(self, reqs):
+    def _chunk_requests(self, reqs, timeout=30.0):
         results = []
         for i in range(0, len(reqs), 255):
             chunk = reqs[i:i + 255]
-            results.extend(self.requests(chunk))
+            results.extend(self.requests(chunk, timeout))
         return results
 
     # called by receiver thread
@@ -1111,6 +1184,13 @@ class _FileGet:
 # SoxReceiver — daemon thread
 # ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+class _FilePut:
+    """The put in progress; `closed` is set when the device's 'z' arrives."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.closed = threading.Event()
+
+
 class _SoxReceiver(threading.Thread):
     def __init__(self, client):
         super().__init__(name="SoxReceiver", daemon=True)
@@ -1136,10 +1216,12 @@ class _SoxReceiver(threading.Thread):
                     client._receive_event(msg)
                 elif cmd == ord('k'):
                     xfer = client._xfer
-                    if xfer is not None:
+                    if isinstance(xfer, _FileGet):
                         xfer.receive_chunk(msg)
                 elif cmd == ord('z'):
-                    pass  # close of a put -- the editor only gets files
+                    xfer = client._xfer       # the device closing a put
+                    if isinstance(xfer, _FilePut):
+                        xfer.closed.set()
                 else:
                     client._receive_response(msg)
             except DaspException:

undo.py

@@ -378,3 +378,44 @@ class LiveRenameCommand(RenameComponentCommand):
             raise LiveUndoError(f"{self.old_name} was not renamed to {self.new_name} "
                                 "on the device")
         super().redo()
+
+
+def apply_child_order(parent, ordered_children):
+    """Puts `parent`'s <comp> children in the given order; its other children stay put."""
+    children = list(parent)
+    comp_slots = [i for i, child in enumerate(children) if child.tag == "comp"]
+    for slot, child in zip(comp_slots, ordered_children):
+        children[slot] = child
+    parent[:] = children
+
+
+class ReorderChildrenCommand:
+    """A new order for a component's children."""
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, old_order, new_order, label="reorder"):
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.old_order = list(old_order)
+        self.new_order = list(new_order)
+        self.label = label
+
+    def undo(self):
+        apply_child_order(self.parent, self.old_order)
+
+    def redo(self):
+        apply_child_order(self.parent, self.new_order)
+
+
+class LiveReorderChildrenCommand(ReorderChildrenCommand):
+    """A reorder on the device: the old order goes back there before the DOM takes it."""
+
+    def undo(self):
+        if not live_hooks.live_reorder_children(self.parent, self.old_order):
+            raise LiveUndoError(f"The old order of {self.parent.get('name', 'app')} "
+                                "could not be put back on the device")
+        super().undo()
+
+    def redo(self):
+        if not live_hooks.live_reorder_children(self.parent, self.new_order):
+            raise LiveUndoError(f"{self.parent.get('name', 'app')} was not reordered "
+                                "on the device")
+        super().redo()

wiresheet.py

@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ FIT_PADDING = 20
 # Below this a grid line is closer to its neighbour than the line is wide, which reads
 # as a grey wash rather than a grid, so the grid is left off instead.
 MIN_GRID_STEP = 3
+SHEET_MARGIN_GRIDS = 3  # grid squares of grey kept past anything that overflows the sheet
 
 
 def snap_up(value, grid_size):
@@ -153,6 +154,36 @@ def suggest_box_width_for_grid(width, grid_size):
     return proposed
 
 
+def offsheet_input_comps(components):
+    """The components with a link arriving from off this sheet, drawn as a knob on
+    their left edge."""
+    root = app_state.xml_root_element
+    links_elem = root.find("links") if root is not None else None
+    if links_elem is None:
+        return set()
+    comp_by_path = {get_component_path(comp, root): comp for comp in components}
+    found = set()
+    for link in links_elem.findall("link"):
+        from_ref, to_ref = link.get("from", ""), link.get("to", "")
+        if "." not in from_ref or "." not in to_ref:
+            continue
+        dst = comp_by_path.get(to_ref.rsplit(".", 1)[0])
+        if dst is not None and from_ref.rsplit(".", 1)[0] not in comp_by_path:
+            found.add(dst)
+    return found
+
+
+def box_left_limits(tags, margin, step):
+    """Left-most x each box on the open sheet may be moved to, keyed by canvas tag.
+
+    The margin, or one step further in for a box with an off-sheet input, so its knob
+    stays on the sheet rather than out in the grey margin.
+    """
+    knobbed = offsheet_input_comps(list(app_state.canvas_comp_map.values()))
+    return {tag: margin + step if app_state.canvas_comp_map.get(tag) in knobbed
+            else margin for tag in tags}
+
+
 def layout_margin(grid_size=None):
     """The top/left edge offset a box may not encroach on, snapped onto the grid."""
     if grid_size is None:
@@ -238,28 +269,42 @@ def measure_box(comp, fonts, linked_slot_index):
 
 
 def draw_grid():
-    """Draws a grid onto the Canvas based on the scrollable region.
+    """Paints the sheet and grids it; the canvas around it is the off-sheet tint.
 
-    Drawn at the sheet's zoom, so a box still lands on a line at every scale. The area
-    covered is the same patch of sheet whatever the zoom, which is why the span is
-    scaled along with the step.
+    Drawn at the sheet's zoom, so a box still lands on a line at every scale.
     """
     canvas = app_state.canvas
     canvas.delete("grid")
 
+    # The sheet starts past the margin strip no box may enter, which stays grey too.
+    x1 = y1 = layout_margin(app_state.meta_scale) * app_state.zoom
+    x2, y2 = (coord * app_state.zoom for coord in sheet_extent())
+    canvas.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, outline="#c8c8c8", tags=("grid", "sheet_bg"))
+    app_state.paint_sheet_tint()   # white or pink by saved state, grey or pink around it
+
     step = app_state.GRID_SIZE * app_state.zoom
-    if step < MIN_GRID_STEP:
-        return
-
-    span = 3000 * app_state.zoom
-    for index in range(int(span // step) + 1):
-        offset = index * step
-        canvas.create_line(offset, 0, offset, span, fill="#e0e0e0", tags="grid")
-        canvas.create_line(0, offset, span, offset, fill="#e0e0e0", tags="grid")
-
+    if step >= MIN_GRID_STEP:
+        draw_grid_lines(canvas, step, x1, y1, x2, y2)
     canvas.tag_lower("grid")
 
 
+def sheet_extent():
+    """1:1 (width, height) of the sheet: the furthest position meta can store a box at.
+
+    Only a box's top-left corner has to fit; a box reaching past the edge is drawn over
+    the grey, and keeping it inside is left to the author.
+    """
+    side = META_COORD_MAX * (app_state.meta_scale or app_state.GRID_SIZE)
+    return side, side
+
+
+def draw_grid_lines(canvas, step, x1, y1, x2, y2):
+    for index in range(math.ceil(x1 / step - 1e-6), math.floor(x2 / step + 1e-6) + 1):
+        canvas.create_line(index * step, y1, index * step, y2, fill="#e0e0e0", tags="grid")
+    for index in range(math.ceil(y1 / step - 1e-6), math.floor(y2 / step + 1e-6) + 1):
+        canvas.create_line(x1, index * step, x2, index * step, fill="#e0e0e0", tags="grid")
+
+
 def create_round_rectangle(canvas, x1, y1, x2, y2, radius=4, **kwargs):
     """Draws a visually smooth rounded rectangle using native canvas arcs and polygons."""
     points = [
@@ -337,18 +382,32 @@ def segment_hits_boxes(x1, y1, x2, y2, boxes):
 def path_is_clear(points, boxes, clear):
     """True if no part of the path runs under a box or crowds one.
 
-    Every run between the first turn and the last keeps `clear` from each box: `end`
-    above and below, `side` left and right. The two runs pinned to the slots are only
-    held out from under the boxes, since they have to reach their pins wherever the
-    rows happen to be.
+    Every run keeps `clear` from each box: `end` above and below, `side` left and
+    right. Only the two stubs pinned to the slots -- `side` out of the source and
+    `arrive` into the target -- are held merely out from under the boxes, since they
+    have to reach their pins wherever the rows happen to be. A run that carries on
+    level past its stub is still a run, so it may not graze a box edge on the way.
     """
     points = wire_style.simplify(points)
     padded = [(x1 - clear.side, y1 - clear.end, x2 + clear.side, y2 + clear.end)
               for x1, y1, x2, y2 in boxes]
     last = len(points) - 2
     for idx, ((x1, y1), (x2, y2)) in enumerate(zip(points, points[1:])):
-        pinned = idx in (0, last)
-        if segment_hits_boxes(x1, y1, x2, y2, boxes if pinned else padded):
+        level = abs(y1 - y2) < LINK_EPS
+        lo, hi = x1, x2             # the part of the run that must keep its distance
+        if level and idx == 0:
+            lo = x1 + math.copysign(min(clear.side, abs(x2 - x1)), x2 - x1)
+        if level and idx == last:
+            hi = x2 - math.copysign(min(clear.arrive, abs(x2 - lo)), x2 - lo)
+        if idx in (0, last) and level:
+            if segment_hits_boxes(x1, y1, x2, y2, boxes):
+                return False
+            if abs(hi - lo) > LINK_EPS and segment_hits_boxes(lo, y1, hi, y2, padded):
+                return False
+        elif idx in (0, last):
+            if segment_hits_boxes(x1, y1, x2, y2, boxes):
+                return False
+        elif segment_hits_boxes(x1, y1, x2, y2, padded):
             return False
     return True
 
@@ -433,14 +492,15 @@ def lane_is_crowded(lane, run_lo, run_hi, claimed, pins, apart):
 
 
 def free_lane(cx, run_lo, run_hi, boxes, taken, low, high, clear, max_steps=8,
-              pins=None):
+              pins=None, accept=None):
     """Nudges cx outwards in `clear.lane` steps until the run has a lane of its own.
 
     A lane is rejected while it crowds a box (closer than `clear.side`) or while it
     would run alongside an already placed run that overlaps it vertically -- two runs
     passing through the same gap have to stand `clear.lane` apart. Returns None when
     no lane inside the gap works. `max_steps` of 1 permits no nudging at all, which is
-    how the caller asks for the exact hug position and nothing else.
+    how the caller asks for the exact hug position and nothing else. `accept`, when
+    given, can turn down a lane that is otherwise free, and the search carries on.
     """
     for step in range(0, max_steps):
         for sign in ((0,) if step == 0 else (1, -1)):
@@ -449,11 +509,38 @@ def free_lane(cx, run_lo, run_hi, boxes, taken, low, high, clear, max_steps=8,
                 continue
             if vertical_run_clearance(lane, run_lo, run_hi, boxes) < clear.side - LINK_EPS:
                 continue
-            if not lane_is_crowded(lane, run_lo, run_hi, taken, pins, clear.lane):
+            if lane_is_crowded(lane, run_lo, run_hi, taken, pins, clear.lane):
+                continue
+            if accept is None or accept(lane):
                 return lane
     return None
 
 
+def crosses_wires(points, ledger, pins):
+    """True if the path would cross a run another wire has already laid down.
+
+    A crossing gets a hop, so it is allowed, but a lane that avoids one is worth
+    looking for first. Wires sharing a pin are one signal and never count.
+    """
+    points = wire_style.simplify(points)
+    for (x1, y1), (x2, y2) in zip(points, points[1:]):
+        if abs(x1 - x2) < LINK_EPS:              # vertical: against other wires' rows
+            lo, hi = min(y1, y2), max(y1, y2)
+            for ry, rx1, rx2, row_pins in ledger["rows"]:
+                if (row_pins != pins and not same_signal(pins, row_pins)
+                        and rx1 + LINK_EPS < x1 < rx2 - LINK_EPS
+                        and lo + LINK_EPS < ry < hi - LINK_EPS):
+                    return True
+        else:                                    # horizontal: against their lanes
+            lo, hi = min(x1, x2), max(x1, x2)
+            for cx, c_lo, c_hi, col_pins in ledger["cols"]:
+                if (col_pins != pins and not same_signal(pins, col_pins)
+                        and lo + LINK_EPS < cx < hi - LINK_EPS
+                        and c_lo + LINK_EPS < y1 < c_hi - LINK_EPS):
+                    return True
+    return False
+
+
 def hug_lane(edge_x, side, run_lo, run_hi, boxes, claimed, clear, max_offset=0,
              min_offset=0, pins=None):
     """Lane for a run pinned to one box edge, starting `clear.side` out from it.
@@ -550,20 +637,36 @@ def route_link_path(src_box, src_y, dst_box, dst_y, boxes, taken=None,
         return any(row_is_stacked(y, x1, x2, claimed_rows, pins, clear.row)
                    for y, x1, x2, _ in rows_of(candidate))
 
-    def straight_through(max_steps, allow_stack=False):
+    def path_through(lane):
+        return [start, leave, (lane, src_y), (lane, dst_y), arrive, end]
+
+    def straight_through(max_steps, allow_stack=False, uncrossed=False, hug_only=False):
         """A single vertical channel in the gap between the two boxes.
 
         The two horizontal runs are pinned to their slots, so unless `allow_stack`
         they are refused when they would hide under another wire: the wire is better
-        off detouring, which puts it on a lane it can actually move.
+        off detouring, which puts it on a lane it can actually move. With `uncrossed`
+        only a lane that crosses no other wire will do; with `hug_only` only the lane
+        beside its own source is tried (beside either end for a level wire), not ones
+        beside the boxes in between.
         """
+        accept = None
+        if uncrossed:
+            accept = lambda lane: not crosses_wires(path_through(lane), ledger, pins)
         candidates = channel_candidates(src_box, dst_box, boxes, low, high, clear)
+        if hug_only:
+            # A bent wire hugs its source only: turning at the far end instead would
+            # take the lane the wires below it need to turn outside it.
+            hugs = (src_box[2] + clear.hug,)
+            if abs(src_y - dst_y) < LINK_EPS:
+                hugs += (dst_box[0] - clear.arrive,)
+            candidates = [cx for cx in candidates if cx in hugs]
         for cx in candidates:
             lane = free_lane(cx, run_lo, run_hi, boxes, claimed, low, high, clear,
-                             max_steps, pins)
+                             max_steps, pins, accept)
             if lane is None:
                 continue
-            candidate = [start, leave, (lane, src_y), (lane, dst_y), arrive, end]
+            candidate = path_through(lane)
             if not path_is_clear(candidate, boxes, clear):
                 continue
             if not allow_stack and stacked(candidate):
@@ -651,10 +754,15 @@ def route_link_path(src_box, src_y, dst_box, dst_y, boxes, taken=None,
         # First pass: only the straight route, whose horizontal runs are pinned to their
         # slots and cannot be moved later. Letting these claim their rows first stops a
         # detouring wire from parking its movable lane on top of one of them.
-        attempts = (lambda: straight_through(1),)
+        # Only an uncrossed one, too: a wire that would cross another waits for the
+        # second pass, where it can look further for a lane that does not.
+        # A wire whose hug lane is taken waits as well, rather than jumping to a lane far
+        # across the gap whose long run would then shut out the wires routed after it.
+        attempts = (lambda: straight_through(1, uncrossed=True, hug_only=True),)
     else:
         standoff = max(WIRE_STANDOFF_MAX, 3 * clear.side)
         attempts = (
+            lambda: straight_through(8, uncrossed=True),  # own lane, crossing nothing
             lambda: straight_through(1),                  # hugging, own lane
             lambda: around_boxes(clear.hug),              # hugging, routed around
             lambda: straight_through(8),                  # lane nudged out of the band
@@ -876,8 +984,16 @@ def draw_links():
     jobs = collect_link_jobs(links_elem, path_to_tag, want_knob)
     boxes = [b for b in (get_box_bounds(t) for t in path_to_tag.values()) if b]
 
-    # Shorter, simpler links claim lanes first; ties go to the smaller vertical span.
-    jobs.sort(key=lambda j: (abs(j.dst_box[0] - j.src_box[2]), abs(j.dst_y - j.src_y)))
+    # Links between nearer columns claim lanes first, and straight ones before bent ones.
+    # Among bent wires leaving one column, the first routed hugs its source closest, so
+    # climbing wires go top source first and falling ones bottom source first: each
+    # later wire then turns outside the earlier ones instead of crossing them.
+    def routing_order(job):
+        bent = abs(job.dst_y - job.src_y) > LINK_EPS
+        climbing = job.dst_y < job.src_y
+        return (round(job.dst_box[0] - job.src_box[0]), bent, not climbing,
+                job.src_y if climbing else -job.src_y)
+    jobs.sort(key=routing_order)
 
     # What the wires placed so far have claimed, shared across the whole sheet.
     # Routed in two passes: a wire that can run straight has its horizontal runs pinned
@@ -887,8 +1003,16 @@ def draw_links():
     # placed closer than the grid rule allows still get a wire, just a tighter one.
     roomy = grid_clearance()
     ledger = {"cols": [], "rows": [row for job in jobs for row in job.stub_rows(roomy)]}
+    # A wire that cannot go direct defers the bent wires after it across the same gap
+    # in the same direction too, so they still take their lanes in routing order.
+    deferred = set()
     for job in jobs:
+        group = (round(job.src_box[0]), round(job.dst_box[0]), job.dst_y < job.src_y)
+        if group in deferred and abs(job.dst_y - job.src_y) > LINK_EPS:
+            continue
         job.route(boxes, ledger, roomy, direct_only=True)
+        if job.points is None:
+            deferred.add(group)
     for clear in (roomy, tight_clearance()):
         for job in jobs:
             if job.points is None:
@@ -1140,6 +1264,11 @@ def render_components(components_to_render):
     """Handles parsing and visual painting of given component listings on canvas with slot attributes."""
     canvas = app_state.canvas
     app_state.active_components_list = components_to_render
+    # Repainting the same sheet (a refresh, an undo, a device update) keeps whatever of
+    # the selection is still on it; another sheet starts with nothing selected.
+    kept = [app_state.canvas_comp_map.get(t) for t in app_state.selected_canvas_tags
+            if t != app_state.selected_canvas_tag]
+    kept.append(app_state.canvas_comp_map.get(app_state.selected_canvas_tag))
     app_state.selected_canvas_tag = None
     app_state.selected_canvas_tags.clear()
 
@@ -1160,9 +1289,6 @@ def render_components(components_to_render):
     meta_scale = sheet_meta_scale(components_to_render)
     app_state.meta_scale = meta_scale
 
-    max_reached_x = 1000
-    max_reached_y = 1000
-
     for comp in components_to_render:
         meta_prop = comp.find("prop[@name='meta']")
         meta_str = meta_prop.get("val") if meta_prop is not None else None
@@ -1175,22 +1301,26 @@ def render_components(components_to_render):
         app_state.canvas_comp_map[comp_tag] = comp
         app_state.canvas_tag_by_element[comp] = comp_tag
 
-        box_width, box_height, slot_offsets = draw_component_box(
+        _, _, slot_offsets = draw_component_box(
             canvas, comp, coord_x, coord_y, fonts, linked_slot_index,
             ("component", comp_tag), outline_tags=("block_outline",)
         )
         app_state.component_slot_offsets[comp_tag] = slot_offsets
 
-        if coord_x + box_width > max_reached_x:
-            max_reached_x = coord_x + box_width
-        if coord_y + box_height > max_reached_y:
-            max_reached_y = coord_y + box_height
-
     draw_links()
-    apply_sheet_zoom(fonts, max_reached_x + 200, max_reached_y + 200)
+    apply_sheet_zoom(fonts)
+
+    on_sheet = set(components_to_render)
+    for element in kept:
+        if element is not None and element in on_sheet:
+            tag = app_state.canvas_tag_by_element[element]
+            app_state.selected_canvas_tags.add(tag)
+            app_state.selected_canvas_tag = tag
+    for tag in app_state.selected_canvas_tags:
+        canvas.itemconfig(f"{tag} && block_outline", outline="#1f4e79", width=3)
 
 
-def apply_sheet_zoom(fonts, extent_x, extent_y):
+def apply_sheet_zoom(fonts):
     """Scales the finished sheet to app_state.zoom and sizes the canvas to match.
 
     Painting and routing both work at 1:1, because that is where every metric here is
@@ -1212,10 +1342,46 @@ def apply_sheet_zoom(fonts, extent_x, extent_y):
 
         scale_knob_ends(zoom)
 
-    canvas.config(scrollregion=(0, 0, extent_x * zoom, extent_y * zoom))
+    fit_sheet_region()
+
+
+def fit_sheet_region():
+    """Sets the scrollable area: the whole sheet, plus whatever hangs off its edges.
+
+    The sheet itself never grows (see sheet_extent). A box near the right or bottom
+    edge can still reach past it, or a wire loop past the top, so the scrollable area
+    takes those in too, with SHEET_MARGIN_GRIDS of grey beyond them.
+    """
+    canvas = app_state.canvas
+    zoom = app_state.zoom
+    margin = SHEET_MARGIN_GRIDS * app_state.GRID_SIZE
+    width, height = sheet_extent()
+    x1, y1, x2, y2 = 0, 0, width, height
+    bounds = sheet_content_bounds()
+    if bounds is not None:
+        if bounds[0] < 0:
+            x1 = bounds[0] - margin
+        if bounds[1] < 0:
+            y1 = bounds[1] - margin
+        if bounds[2] > width:
+            x2 = bounds[2] + margin
+        if bounds[3] > height:
+            y2 = bounds[3] + margin
+    canvas.config(scrollregion=(x1 * zoom, y1 * zoom, x2 * zoom, y2 * zoom))
     draw_grid()
 
 
+def scroll_view_to(x, y):
+    """Scrolls so canvas point (x, y) sits at the view's top-left, as near as the sheet allows."""
+    canvas = app_state.canvas
+    region = str(canvas.cget("scrollregion")).split()
+    if len(region) != 4:
+        return
+    x1, y1, x2, y2 = (float(v) for v in region)
+    canvas.xview_moveto(max(0.0, (x - x1) / ((x2 - x1) or 1.0)))
+    canvas.yview_moveto(max(0.0, (y - y1) / ((y2 - y1) or 1.0)))
+
+
 def scale_knob_ends(zoom):
     """Brings the cached knob-to-knob ends onto the painted scale.
 
@@ -1237,6 +1403,7 @@ def redraw_links():
     zoom = app_state.zoom
     if zoom == 1.0:
         draw_links()
+        fit_sheet_region()   # a box dragged over the edge brings the grey past it into view
         return
 
     canvas = app_state.canvas
@@ -1245,6 +1412,7 @@ def redraw_links():
     canvas.scale("component", 0, 0, zoom, zoom)
     canvas.scale("link", 0, 0, zoom, zoom)
     scale_knob_ends(zoom)
+    fit_sheet_region()
 
 
 def zoom_step(direction):
@@ -1307,14 +1475,8 @@ def fit_zoom_level():
     if bounds is None:
         return None
 
-    # A canvas cannot scroll left of or above its origin, so anything out there cannot
-    # be brought into view however far the sheet is zoomed out. The fit is measured from
-    # the origin in that case rather than from the content's own corner.
-    left = max(0.0, bounds[0])
-    top = max(0.0, bounds[1])
-
-    content_width = bounds[2] - left
-    content_height = bounds[3] - top
+    content_width = bounds[2] - bounds[0]
+    content_height = bounds[3] - bounds[1]
     view_width = canvas.winfo_width() - 2 * FIT_PADDING
     view_height = canvas.winfo_height() - 2 * FIT_PADDING
 
@@ -1411,59 +1573,364 @@ def column_gap_for(run_count):
                + max(0, run_count - 1) * clear.lane)
 
 
-def plan_columns(columns, column_keys, demand, scale):
+LAYOUT_SWEEPS = 4   # down-and-up passes plan_columns makes to straighten the wires
+
+
+def plan_columns(columns, column_keys, demand, scale, wires=()):
     """Walks the columns at `scale` px per meta step, without touching the DOM.
 
     Returns (placements, clamped) where a placement is (item, step_x, step_y). Boxes are
     positioned in pixels exactly as they will be painted, then divided down into meta
     steps, so a coarser scale reaches further across the sheet for the same 0..255 range.
+
+    Column x positions come from widths and wire lanes alone. Heights are then settled
+    to make the wires run as straight as they can: each box is offered the height that
+    lines its slot up with the slot at the other end of its wires (the median, when it
+    has several), and each column is re-sorted by those heights, which also untangles
+    crossings. Boxes keep at least TIDY_GAP apart, but any gap above that is free -- a
+    box drops as far as its wires want. Sweeps run left to right, lining boxes up with
+    what feeds them, and right to left, lining them up with what they feed.
+
+    `wires` are (src_column, dst_column, src_item, src_slot, dst_item, dst_slot), left to
+    right only. One that skips columns stands in each column it crosses as a placeholder
+    box one wire tall, so it is sorted and spaced like the boxes there. The router turns
+    such a wire down beside its source, crossing the columns in between level with its
+    target slot, so a box still in its way is pushed down below it. The last sweep runs
+    right to left so those heights are final when that is checked.
     """
     margin = snap_up(TIDY_MARGIN, scale)
+    clear_end = grid_clearance().end
+    count = len(column_keys)
+
+    # Column x positions depend only on widths and wire lanes, so they come first.
+    column_x = []
+    cursor_x = margin  # the left-most column clears the canvas edge by the margin
+    if count and any(item.get("knob_in") for item in columns[column_keys[0]]):
+        # One step further in, so a knob on a first-column box's left edge stays on
+        # the sheet instead of out in the margin.
+        cursor_x = snap_up(margin + app_state.GRID_SIZE, scale)
+    for index, grid_x in enumerate(column_keys):
+        column_x.append(cursor_x)
+        gap = column_gap_for(demand.get(index, 0))
+        cursor_x = snap_up(cursor_x + max(i["width"] for i in columns[grid_x]) + gap,
+                           scale)
+
+    order = [list(columns[key]) for key in column_keys]
+
+    # A wire skipping columns gets a placeholder in each column it crosses, as tall as a
+    # wire, so it is sorted and spaced among that column's boxes like one of them. That
+    # is what keeps a box from being placed on the wrong side of a wire it then has to
+    # cross. The wire is modelled as a chain through its placeholders, so every link of
+    # the chain joins neighbouring columns.
+    segments = []          # (a, a_slot, b, b_slot), a one column left of b
+    for src_col, dst_col, src, s_slot, dst, d_slot in wires:
+        previous, previous_slot = src, s_slot
+        for index in range(src_col + 1, dst_col):
+            placeholder = {"wire": True, "height": 0, "slot_offsets": {}}
+            order[index].append(placeholder)
+            segments.append((previous, previous_slot, placeholder, None))
+            previous, previous_slot = placeholder, None
+        segments.append((previous, previous_slot, dst, d_slot))
+
+    incoming = {id(item): [] for column in order for item in column}
+    outgoing = {id(item): [] for column in order for item in column}
+    for segment in segments:
+        outgoing[id(segment[0])].append(segment)
+        incoming[id(segment[2])].append(segment)
+
+    def offset(item, slot):
+        if item.get("wire"):
+            return 0
+        return item["slot_offsets"].get(slot, item["height"] / 2)
+
+    def gap(above, below):
+        """Clear space between two neighbours in a column, boxes or wires."""
+        if above.get("wire") and below.get("wire"):
+            return grid_clearance().row
+        if above.get("wire") or below.get("wire"):
+            return clear_end
+        return TIDY_GAP
+
+    top = {}
+    for column in order:                     # starting point: packed from the top
+        cursor_y = margin
+        for item in column:
+            top[id(item)] = cursor_y
+            cursor_y = snap_up(cursor_y + item["height"] + TIDY_GAP, scale)
+
+    def wanted_from_left(item):
+        return [(top[id(a)] + offset(a, a_slot) - offset(item, b_slot), offset(item, b_slot))
+                for a, a_slot, _, b_slot in incoming[id(item)]]
+
+    def wanted_from_right(item):
+        return [(top[id(b)] + offset(b, b_slot) - offset(item, a_slot), offset(item, a_slot))
+                for _, a_slot, b, b_slot in outgoing[id(item)]]
+
+    def place(index, primary, fallback):
+        column = order[index]
+        wanted = {}
+        anchor = {}
+        for item in column:
+            if item.get("loose"):
+                continue
+            heights = sorted(primary(item) or fallback(item))
+            if heights:
+                spot, slot_offset = heights[(len(heights) - 1) // 2]
+            else:
+                spot, slot_offset = top[id(item)], 0
+            wanted[id(item)] = spot
+            anchor[id(item)] = spot + slot_offset   # the wire height it lines up with
+        # Sorted by the wire each box lines up with, so neighbours' wires do not cross;
+        # unlinked boxes stay packed below everything else, in their own order.
+        column.sort(key=lambda i: (bool(i.get("loose")), anchor.get(id(i), 0)))
+
+        rows = sorted(
+            top[id(dst)] + offset(dst, d_slot)
+            for src_col, dst_col, _, _, dst, d_slot in wires
+            if src_col < index < dst_col
+        )
+        floor_y = margin
+        above = None
+        for item in column:
+            if above is not None:
+                floor_y = above_bottom + gap(above, item)
+            if item.get("loose"):
+                spot = snap_up(floor_y, scale)
+            elif item.get("wire"):
+                spot = max(floor_y, wanted[id(item)])   # never stored, so not snapped
+            else:
+                spot = max(snap_up(floor_y, scale), round(wanted[id(item)] / scale) * scale)
+            if not item.get("wire"):
+                # Step below every passing wire the box would still sit across, keeping
+                # the clearance the router wants between a horizontal run and a box.
+                moved = True
+                while moved:
+                    moved = False
+                    for row in rows:
+                        if spot - clear_end < row < spot + item["height"] + clear_end:
+                            spot = snap_up(row + clear_end, scale)
+                            moved = True
+            top[id(item)] = spot
+            above, above_bottom = item, spot + item["height"]
+
+    def lift():
+        """Shifts the whole sheet up until its top-most box sits on the margin again.
+
+        Boxes only ever settle downwards, so without this the sweeps would carry the
+        whole picture further down the sheet each time round.
+        """
+        tops = [top[id(i)] for column in order for i in column
+                if not i.get("loose") and not i.get("wire")]
+        shift = (min(tops, default=margin) - margin) // scale * scale
+        if shift > 0:
+            for key in top:
+                top[key] -= shift
+
+    for _ in range(LAYOUT_SWEEPS):
+        for index in range(count):
+            place(index, wanted_from_left, wanted_from_right)
+        lift()
+        for index in reversed(range(count)):
+            place(index, wanted_from_right, wanted_from_left)
+        lift()
+
     placements = []
     clamped = 0
-    cursor_x = margin  # the left-most column clears the canvas edge by the margin
-
-    for index, grid_x in enumerate(column_keys):
-        column = sorted(columns[grid_x], key=lambda i: i["grid_y"])
-        cursor_y = margin
-
+    for index, column in enumerate(order):
         for item in column:
-            step_x = min(META_COORD_MAX, round(cursor_x / scale))
-            step_y = min(META_COORD_MAX, round(cursor_y / scale))
+            if item.get("wire"):
+                continue
+            step_x = min(META_COORD_MAX, round(column_x[index] / scale))
+            step_y = min(META_COORD_MAX, round(top[id(item)] / scale))
             if step_x == META_COORD_MAX or step_y == META_COORD_MAX:
                 clamped += 1
             placements.append((item, step_x, step_y))
-
-            # Clear the box just placed by at least TIDY_GAP, then step to the next
-            # whole meta step so the box still lands on a storable position.
-            cursor_y = snap_up(cursor_y + item["height"] + TIDY_GAP, scale)
-
-        gap = column_gap_for(demand.get(index, 0))
-        cursor_x = snap_up(cursor_x + max(i["width"] for i in column) + gap, scale)
-
     return placements, clamped
 
 
+def sheet_link_pairs(components):
+    """(source, src_slot, target, dst_slot) for each link between two components here."""
+    root = app_state.xml_root_element
+    pairs = []
+    if root is None:
+        return pairs
+    links_elem = root.find("links")
+    if links_elem is None:
+        return pairs
+
+    comp_by_path = {get_component_path(comp, root): comp for comp in components}
+    for link in links_elem.findall("link"):
+        from_ref, to_ref = link.get("from", ""), link.get("to", "")
+        if "." not in from_ref or "." not in to_ref:
+            continue
+        src_path, src_slot = from_ref.rsplit(".", 1)
+        dst_path, dst_slot = to_ref.rsplit(".", 1)
+        src = comp_by_path.get(src_path)
+        dst = comp_by_path.get(dst_path)
+        if src is not None and dst is not None and src is not dst:
+            pairs.append((src, src_slot, dst, dst_slot))
+    return pairs
+
+
+def flow_columns(items, pairs):
+    """Lays linked boxes out as a left-to-right signal flow, in as few columns as it can.
+
+    Returns a list of columns, each listed top to bottom. A box goes one column right of
+    the furthest box feeding it, so the column count is the length of the longest chain
+    and cannot be smaller. A box nothing feeds is then pulled right to sit just before
+    the first box it feeds, which keeps its wires short. Feedback loops are cut where
+    they run backwards relative to the boxes' current positions, so a loop keeps the
+    direction the author drew it in.
+    """
+    def position(item):
+        return item["grid_x"], item["grid_y"], item["comp"].get("name", "")
+
+    item_of = {item["comp"]: item for item in items}
+    succs = {id(item): [] for item in items}
+    for src, _, dst, _ in pairs:
+        if item_of[dst] not in succs[id(item_of[src])]:
+            succs[id(item_of[src])].append(item_of[dst])
+    for out in succs.values():
+        out.sort(key=position)
+
+    # Depth-first from the left-most boxes; an edge back onto the current path is
+    # feedback and is left out of the layering.
+    forward = {id(item): [] for item in items}
+    state = {}                       # id -> 1 on the current path, 2 finished
+    for start in sorted(items, key=position):
+        if id(start) in state:
+            continue
+        state[id(start)] = 1
+        stack = [(start, iter(succs[id(start)]))]
+        while stack:
+            node, pending = stack[-1]
+            nxt = next(pending, None)
+            if nxt is None:
+                state[id(node)] = 2
+                stack.pop()
+            elif state.get(id(nxt)) == 1:
+                continue             # feedback
+            else:
+                forward[id(node)].append(nxt)
+                if id(nxt) not in state:
+                    state[id(nxt)] = 1
+                    stack.append((nxt, iter(succs[id(nxt)])))
+
+    preds = {id(item): [] for item in items}
+    for item in items:
+        for nxt in forward[id(item)]:
+            preds[id(nxt)].append(item)
+
+    # Longest path from the sources, in topological order.
+    layer = {}
+    indegree = {id(item): len(preds[id(item)]) for item in items}
+    ready = sorted((i for i in items if not indegree[id(i)]), key=position)
+    order = []
+    while ready:
+        node = ready.pop(0)
+        order.append(node)
+        layer[id(node)] = max((layer[id(p)] + 1 for p in preds[id(node)]), default=0)
+        for nxt in forward[id(node)]:
+            indegree[id(nxt)] -= 1
+            if not indegree[id(nxt)]:
+                ready.append(nxt)
+    for node in reversed(order):
+        if not preds[id(node)] and forward[id(node)]:
+            layer[id(node)] = min(layer[id(n)] for n in forward[id(node)]) - 1
+
+    # Into any one box, wires from further left must arrive at higher slots than wires
+    # from nearer columns. A long wire crosses the columns in between level with its
+    # slot, so a nearer box feeding a slot above it would have to cross it on the way.
+    # Only boxes nothing feeds are free to move, so they are held back far enough left.
+    feeders = {}                     # id(target) -> [(slot height, source)]
+    for src, _, dst, d_slot in pairs:
+        src_item, dst_item = item_of[src], item_of[dst]
+        if dst_item in forward[id(src_item)]:
+            feeders.setdefault(id(dst_item), []).append(
+                (dst_item["slot_offsets"].get(d_slot, 0), src_item))
+    sources = [n for n in order if not preds[id(n)] and forward[id(n)]]
+    changed = True
+    while changed:
+        changed = False
+        for node in sources:
+            limit = layer[id(node)]
+            for target_id, fed in feeders.items():
+                own = [height for height, src in fed if src is node]
+                for height, other in fed:
+                    if other is not node and own and height > min(own):
+                        limit = min(limit, layer[id(other)])
+            limit = max(0, limit)
+            if limit < layer[id(node)]:
+                layer[id(node)] = limit
+                changed = True
+
+    columns = [[] for _ in range(max(layer.values(), default=-1) + 1)]
+    for item in sorted(items, key=lambda i: (i["grid_y"], i["grid_x"])):
+        columns[layer[id(item)]].append(item)
+
+    # Order each column after the boxes feeding it, so wires run as level as they can;
+    # then once back right to left, settling the boxes nothing feeds beside the boxes
+    # they feed. Ties keep the author's top-to-bottom order.
+    row = {}
+
+    def settle(column, neighbours):
+        def key(item):
+            near = [row[id(n)] for n in neighbours(item) if id(n) in row]
+            return sum(near) / len(near) if near else row.get(id(item), float("inf"))
+        column.sort(key=key)
+        for index, item in enumerate(column):
+            row[id(item)] = index
+
+    for column in columns:
+        settle(column, lambda i: preds[id(i)])
+    for column in reversed(columns):
+        settle(column, lambda i: forward[id(i)] if not preds[id(i)] else ())
+    return columns
+
+
 def build_layout_items(components):
     """Column-grouped layout items for a sheet, measured rather than read off the canvas.
 
-    Returns (columns, column_keys, demand). Called both while painting -- to settle the
-    scale before anything is drawn -- and by tidy, so the two agree.
+    Returns (columns, column_keys, demand, wires), each column listed top to bottom.
+    Linked boxes are arranged by flow_columns. A box with no link to another box on this
+    sheet -- unlinked, or linked only off-sheet -- goes to the bottom of the first
+    column, alphabetically by name.
+    Called both while painting -- to settle the scale before anything is drawn -- and by
+    tidy, so the two agree.
     """
     fonts = sheet_fonts()
     linked_slot_index = build_linked_slot_index()
+    pairs = sheet_link_pairs(components)
+    on_sheet = {comp for src, _, dst, _ in pairs for comp in (src, dst)}
+    knobbed = offsheet_input_comps(components)
 
-    columns = {}
+    linked = []
+    loose = []
     for comp in components:
         meta_prop = comp.find("prop[@name='meta']")
         meta_val = meta_prop.get("val") if meta_prop is not None else None
         grid_x, grid_y = read_meta_property(meta_val)[:2]
-        width, height = measure_box(comp, fonts, linked_slot_index)[:2]
-        columns.setdefault(grid_x, []).append({
+        width, height, slot_rows = measure_box(comp, fonts, linked_slot_index)[:3]
+        item = {
             "comp": comp, "meta": meta_val,
             "grid_x": grid_x, "grid_y": grid_y,
             "width": width, "height": height,
-        })
+            "knob_in": comp in knobbed,
+            # Where each slot's wire meets the box, as painted by draw_component_box.
+            "slot_offsets": {
+                raw_name: HEADER_HEIGHT + row * SLOT_ROW_HEIGHT + SLOT_ROW_HEIGHT // 2
+                for row, (raw_name, _, _) in enumerate(slot_rows)
+            },
+        }
+        (linked if comp in on_sheet else loose).append(item)
+
+    columns = dict(enumerate(flow_columns(linked, pairs)))
+    if loose:
+        loose.sort(key=lambda i: (i["comp"].get("name", "").casefold(),
+                                  i["comp"].get("name", "")))
+        for item in loose:
+            item["loose"] = True     # plan_columns keeps these packed at the bottom
+        columns.setdefault(0, []).extend(loose)
 
     column_keys = sorted(columns)
     column_of_comp = {
@@ -1471,7 +1938,42 @@ def build_layout_items(components):
         for index, key in enumerate(column_keys)
         for item in columns[key]
     }
-    return columns, column_keys, wire_demand_by_boundary(column_of_comp)
+    return (columns, column_keys, wire_demand_by_boundary(column_of_comp),
+            forward_wires(columns, column_of_comp))
+
+
+def forward_wires(columns, column_of_comp):
+    """Every wire running left to right between two columns, for plan_columns.
+
+    Each is (src_column, dst_column, src_item, src_slot, dst_item, dst_slot). Feedback
+    wires, running right to left, are left out: they go over or under the boxes anyway.
+    """
+    wires = []
+    root = app_state.xml_root_element
+    links_elem = root.find("links") if root is not None else None
+    if links_elem is None:
+        return wires
+
+    item_by_path = {
+        get_component_path(item["comp"], root): item
+        for column in columns.values()
+        for item in column
+    }
+    for link in links_elem.findall("link"):
+        from_ref, to_ref = link.get("from", ""), link.get("to", "")
+        if "." not in from_ref or "." not in to_ref:
+            continue
+        src_path, src_slot = from_ref.rsplit(".", 1)
+        dst_path, dst_slot = to_ref.rsplit(".", 1)
+        src_item = item_by_path.get(src_path)
+        dst_item = item_by_path.get(dst_path)
+        if src_item is None or dst_item is None:
+            continue
+        src_col = column_of_comp[src_item["comp"]]
+        dst_col = column_of_comp[dst_item["comp"]]
+        if dst_col > src_col:
+            wires.append((src_col, dst_col, src_item, src_slot, dst_item, dst_slot))
+    return wires
 
 
 def sheet_meta_scale(components):
@@ -1485,22 +1987,24 @@ def sheet_meta_scale(components):
     if not components:
         return grid_size
 
-    columns, column_keys, demand = build_layout_items(components)
+    columns, column_keys, demand, wires = build_layout_items(components)
     if not column_keys:
         return grid_size
 
     for multiplier in range(1, META_SCALE_MAX + 1):
-        _, clamped = plan_columns(columns, column_keys, demand, grid_size * multiplier)
+        _, clamped = plan_columns(columns, column_keys, demand, grid_size * multiplier,
+                                  wires)
         if not clamped:
             return grid_size * multiplier
     return grid_size * META_SCALE_MAX
 
 
 def tidy_layout():
-    """Re-flows the open sheet so no two boxes overlap, preserving the author's columns.
+    """Re-flows the open sheet as a left-to-right signal flow with no two boxes overlapping.
 
-    Boxes keep their column grouping and their top-to-bottom order; only the spacing is
-    rebuilt, from the sizes actually painted. Every placement lands on a whole meta step,
+    Columns follow the wiring (see flow_columns), using as few as the longest chain of
+    links allows; spacing is rebuilt from the sizes actually painted. Boxes with no link to another box on the
+    sheet are gathered at the bottom of the first column, A to Z. Every placement lands on a whole meta step,
     the first column and row clear the canvas edge by at least TIDY_MARGIN, and
     neighbours are left at least TIDY_GAP apart, widened where wires need lanes. A sheet
     too wide for meta's 0..255 range is laid out at a coarser multiple of the grid rather
@@ -1511,12 +2015,12 @@ def tidy_layout():
         return 0, 0
 
     components = list(app_state.canvas_comp_map.values())
-    columns, column_keys, demand = build_layout_items(components)
+    columns, column_keys, demand, wires = build_layout_items(components)
     if not column_keys:
         return 0, 0
 
     scale = sheet_meta_scale(components)
-    placements, clamped = plan_columns(columns, column_keys, demand, scale)
+    placements, clamped = plan_columns(columns, column_keys, demand, scale, wires)
 
     changes = [
         (item["comp"], item["meta"], step_x, step_y)